WHO WANTS TO BE A DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST?
(* indicates correct answer)

• From the language video, who does Kuhl find herself sitting next to on the airplane?
1. Andrew Meltzof
2. Noam Chomsky
3. Bill Gates*
4. Mickey Mouse
• What is the best developed sense of newborns at birth?
1. Smell
2. Hearing*
3. Vision
4. Taste
• Which of the following qualities is not described by Berger as characteristic of human development?
1. Multidirectional
2. Muticontextual
3. Plastic
4. Fixed*
• Which of the following is not a grand theory?
1. Psychoanalytic
2. Learning
3. Cognitive
4. Sociocultural*
• This prenatal test uses high-frequency sound waves to show parents a “picture” of the fetus.
1. Ultrasound/sonogram*
2. Fetoscopy
3. Amniocentesis
4. Baby camera
• Which of the following actions is not a reflex exhibited by normal infants shortly after birth?
1. rooting
2. scanning*
3. shivering
4. sneezing
• Kenny has a favorite stuffed bunny which he chews and strokes whenever he is anxious.  The bunny is an example of a:
1. pacifier
2. discriminant attachment
3. transitional object*
4. secondary caregiver
• Synchrony between parent and child are important for which of the following areas of development?
1. attachment
2. language
3. emotional regulation
4. all of the above*
• Who would be most likely to say the following statement?  "For children, learning language is just the same as a rat learning to press a lever."
1. Noam Chomsky
2. B.F. Skinner*
3. Patricia Kuhl
4. Ivan Pavlov
• According to Erikson, which of the following is the outcome of responsive, secure care in the very first months of the child’s life?
1. Trust*
2. Autonomy
3. Initiative
4. Intimacy
• One of the advantages of naturalistic observation is that…
1. it allows the researcher to determine a causal relationship between two variables
2. the researcher is unbiased
3. it allows researchers to observe people in a realistic setting*
4. it allows the researcher to manipulate a variable in the environment and determine the effects of the manipulation
• Which of the following theories thinks of human development in terms of internal drives and unconscious motives
1. Mental Disequilibrium Theory
2. Epigenetic Theory
3. Psychoanalytic Theory*
4. Ethological Theory
• Developmental research indicates that the cause of many chromosomal abnormalities is strongly  associated with which of the following?
1. Mental retardation of parents
2. Maternal age*
3. Maternal smoking
4. Polluted water
• What is the name of the researcher who challenged Piaget’s theory of object permanence with her use of “magical” events.
1. Marilyn Shatz
2. Susan Gelman
3. Patricia Kuhl
4. Rene Baillargeon*
• Researchers now know that one way to avoid sudden infant death syndrome is to
1. Lay babies face-up when putting them to sleep*
2. Lay babies face down when putting them to sleep
3. Avoid vaccinations during the first 3 months of life
4. Remove allergy-inducing variables from the environment (cats, dust, etc.)

• The following prenatal test takes fluid from the placenta to be analyzed and examined for chromosomal abnormalities.  It is somewhat dangerous for the fetus.
1. Chorionic Villi Sampling
2. Fetoscopy
3. Pre-Implantation Testing
4. Amniocentesis*
• A tragic genetic disorder that affects the central nervous system but goes undetected until adulthood is
1. Huntington’s chorea*
2. Klinefelter syndromee (XXY)
3. Tourette syndrome
4. Multiple sclerosis
• According to Erikson, which of the following is the result of an overprotective, overbearing, condescending mother when the child is between 7 and 11 years.
1. Industry
2. Guilt
3. Shame and Doubt
4. Inferiority*
• Socioeconomic status is determined by a combination of variables, including:
1. age, education, and income
2. age, ethnicity, and occupation
3. income, education, and occupation*
4. income, ethnicity, and occupation
• A total Apgar score of 5 after 5 minutes indicates that the baby is probably
1. In critical condition
2. In need of some assistance in breathing*
3. Normal and healthy
4. Perfectly healthy.  Doing great!
• At 3 months of age, children who encounter a visual cliff will:
1. experience a deceleration of heart beat, indicating that they perceive a change in the floor*
2. crawl over the cliff, unaware of any difference
3. look for mom’s reaction before crawling over the cliff
4. experience an acceleration of heart beat and cry
• The Wug test illustrates what?
1. children’s early understanding of turn-taking
2. children’s ability to ask questions
3. children’s early understanding their language’s rules*
4. children’s novel language use

• Developmental research shows that if one monozygotic twin develops schizophrenia, the likelihood that the other monozygotic twin will eventually develop schizophrenia is about…
1. 15%
2. 50%
3. 65%*
4. 100%
• Which of the following statements is true about early infant growth?
1. During the first year, babies grow about an inch per month.*
2. Physical growth during the second year of life is faster than in the first year of life.
3. By 6 months, children are about ½ the length of their adult height
4. Babies’ heads grow most rapidly just after birth
• Among the characteristics rated on the Apgar scale are:
1. shape of the newborn’s head and nose
2. presence of body hair
3. interactive behaviors
4. muscle tone and color*
• Which of the following statements are true about breast-feeding?
1. Breast milk contains too much fat and sugar to constitute a healthy diet.
2. Children who are breast fed show long-term cognitive deficits
3. Breast-fed children develop fewer allergies than bottle-fed children*
4. Infants should be fed breast milk exclusively for at least 6 months of age (4)
• Arousal is measured by _________________ and concentration or increased attention is measured by __________________.
1. increased heart rate, widening of eyes
2. increased heart rate, decreased heart rate*
3. decreased heart rate, narrowing of eyes
4. decreased heart rate, increased heart rate
• Children’s understanding of the objects around them as providing them with certain affordances, such as graspability, movability, suckability show that they have:
1. object permanence
2. cause-effect reasoning
3. sensorimotor intelligence
4. object concept*
• From one of the videos, we learned that eating dinner regularly with one’s family members:
1. helps language to develop more quickly in children*
2. provides children with more of the essential nutrients for physical growth
3. prevents obesity in children
4. creates a strong bond between father and child that would not otherwise be there.

• Which of the following statements is true?
1. Females have an XY chromosome pair, males have an XX
2. The 24^th pair of chromosomes is the pair that determines the sex of an individual
3. Baldness is a Y-linked gene, which explains why only men typically lose their hair.
4. If a male receives a recessive X-linked gene, he will always express this trait.*
• Trisomy-21, where an individual has 3 chromosomes at site 21 is also known as
1. Down Syndrome*
2. Fragile X Syndrome
3. Huntington’s chorea
4. Tourette Syndrome
• Transient exuberance occurs at what age?
1. During the first two years*
2. Throughout early and middle childhood
3. During prenatal development
4. Between 6-12 months
• The neural tube develops into the
1. respiratory system
2. circulatory system
3. umbilical cord
4. brain and spinal system*
• Low-birthweight babies born near the due date but weighing substantially less than they should:
1. are classified as preterm
2. are called small-for-gestational-age *
3. usually have no vision
4. show many signs of immaturity
• Habituation describes the:
1. increased physiological arousal of the newborn to unfamiliar or interesting stimuli
2. decreased physiological arousal of the newborn to stimuli that are familiar and no longer interesting*
3. preterm infant’s immature brain-wave patterns
4. universal sequence of motor skill development in children
• Compared with hearing babies, deaf babies:
1. are less likely to babble.
2. Are more likely to babble
3. Begin to babble vocally at about the same age
4. Begin to babble manually at about the same age as hearing babies begin to babble vocally*
• An infant’s fear of being left by the mother or other caregiver, called _________, peaks at about ____.
1. separation anxiety, 14 months*
2. stranger wariness, 8 months
3. separation anxiety, 8 months
4. stranger wariness, 14 months

• Developmental research on inhibition shows that
1. If a baby is born shy, she will remain shy all of her life.
2. Babies who are shy are surprisingly fearless as toddlers.
3. A shy child is more likely to marry later as an adult than a child who was not shy.*
4. Parents have little effect on how shy children adjust to social settings.
• An important nutrient that many women do not get in adequate amounts from the typical diet is:
1. vitamin A
2. zinc
3. guanine
4. folic acid*
• The birth process begins:
1. when the fetus moves into the right position
2. when the uterus begins to contract at regular intervals to push the fetus out*
3. about 8 hours (in the case of firstborns) after the uterus begins to contract at regular intervals
4. when the baby’s head appears at the opening of the vagina
• Protein-calorie malnutrition may cause this condition in children, which is associated with thinning hair and bloating of the abdomen
1. Kwashiorkor*
2. Marasmus
3. Otitis media
4. Rubella
• Sociocultural theorists, like Rogoff, discovered that children often learn through the indirect help of another, older person. This use of another person to further development has been labeled:
1. zone of proximal development
2. contextual learning
3. guided participation*
4. moral teaching
• As discussed in class, when infants kick a mobile that is tied to their feet to watch the mobile move, this is an example of:
1. learned helplessness
2. reminder session
3. contingency awareness*
4. classical conditioning
• For 2 year-old Jenny, mom can only be a mom.  She does not yet understand that mom can also be a daughter, sister, or the tooth fairy based on someone else’s perspective.  Jenny is showing:
1. the mutual exclusivity principle*
2. theory of mind
3. assimilation
4. accommodation
• Most babies can reach for, grasp, and hold onto an object by about the ________ month.
1. 2^nd
2. 6^th*
3. 9^th
4. 14^th

• Which of the following descriptions is an example of mosaicism regarding gene-gene interactions?
1. A person is half Irish and half Romanian
2. A person is half Japanese and half Caucasian
3. A person has one blue eye and one brown eye*
4. A person’s phenotype expresses only dominant genes
• Which part of the brain is responsible for infants’ growing abilities to self-regulate?
1. Somatosory cortex
2. Primary motor cortex
3. Frontal lobe*
4. Thalumus
• In Baillargeon’s tests of impossible or “magical” events, 2 month old infants reacted to the screen seemingly passing through the solid object with
1. Boredom; there was no preference in looking at a particular event*
2. Surprise, shown by their looking at the possible event longer
3. Surprise, shown by their looking at the impossible event longer
4. Disturbance, shown by their crying and tantrums after the impossible event
• As discussed in lecture, which theorist would be most likely to agree with the following statement, “Learning precedes development.”
1. Piaget
2. Vygotsky*
3. Chomsky
4. Watson
• When given a choice, babies prefer looking at the screen showing Cookie Monster talking to Big Bird when they hear Cookie Monster’s voice.  This is an example of:
1. sensorimotor intelligence
2. intermodal integration*
3. early understanding of the pragmatics of language
4. categorical speech discrimination
• As discussed in class, children’s distinguishing of self and other emerges at about ___ months and self-awareness emerges at about _____ months.
1. 24, 12
2. 8, 12
3. 6, 12
4. 12, 18-24
• By what age can most infants properly interpret the cause-and-effect relations of the launching event experiment?
1. 5 months
2. 6 months
3. 10 months*
4. 12 months