________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-251. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 100 Subject: 5.251 Confs: LP'94 - Item Order in (Natural) Languages Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 20:24:55 +0100 (MET) From: palek@dec59.ruk.cuni.cz (UVT UK) Subject: Conference - LP'94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 20:24:55 +0100 (MET) From: palek@dec59.ruk.cuni.cz (UVT UK) Subject: Conference - LP'94 The Institute of Linguistic and Finnougric Studies and The Institute of Phonetic Studies Charles University, Prague (Czec Republic) announce a conference LP'94 - Item Order in (Natural) Languages August 16-18, 1994 This is the second conference of the Institutes in the space of four years; the first one was held in 1990 (see the Proceedings of LP'90, available on request from Charles University Press - Karolinum, or from the Institute of Linguistic dn Finnougric Studies). The conference is supported by Charles University Computer Centre. Topics: The term "item" is used in the sense of any linguistic unit: phoneme, morph- eme, word, sentence etc., i.e. it is any unit which may be repeated and which is concatenated in a string. The concept of item is thus not limited only to word-ordering but it also includes other item-orderings which are recogniz- able in natural (or formal) languages in both written and spoken forms. Suggested specific topics include: A: the determination of homogeneous vs heterogeneous items (e.g. chemical signs vs lexical items) in a string; item-orderings analysed in autonomous vs non-autonomous systems (cf. Autonomous Syntax); form-linearity vs sense/meaning/content linearity (e.g. conflicts of orderings); projectivity vs non-projectivity; empty items vs overt items, etc. B: Consequences of item-orderings for linguistic disciplines: Grammar: methods of item identification; validation in approaches based on item identification hypotheses; item-order representation in various linguistic approaches etc.; methods of delinearization of item-orderings, a role of data- bases; Typology: morphological vs word-order typologies; phonetic/phonological vs morphological typologies; substantial vs item-order typologies; and The application of these topics in various disciplines: computation, gene- tics, artificial intelligence, speech analysis, etc. Preliminary application should be sent not later than April 1, 1994 Preliminary application form: Surname First name Title University Mailing address Phone e-mail The title of submitted paper: Abstracts should be send not later than April 15, 1994 Proceedings of the Conference will be publishe by Charles University Press. Accommodation: . I prefer to stay at an hotel and I will arrange accommodtion through a travel agency . I prefer to stay at a student hotel (single/twin). Please, arrange the accommodation For further details and information write directly to palek@ruk.cuni.cz, or palek@ff.cuni.cz or LP'94 Institute of Linguistic and Finnougric Studies Charles University 2, Jan Palach Sq. 168 41, Prague 1, Czech Republic -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-251. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-252. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 104 Subject: 5.252 Sum: Gender summary appendum, Negation summary appendum Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 13:15:19 +1300 From: Janet.Holmes@vuw.ac.nz 2) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 94 13:41 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Sum: More on negation in French and English -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 13:15:19 +1300 From: Janet.Holmes@vuw.ac.nz Gender and miscommunication references I inadvertently omitted the following excellent critique of Tannen's book: Freed, Alice, 1992. "We Understand Perfectly: A Critique of Tannen's View of Cross-Sex Communication." In _Locating Power: Proceedings of the 2nd Berkeley Women and Language Conference._ Vol 1. K. Hall, M. Bucholtz, and B. Moonwomon, Eds. The Berkeley Women and Language Group. (Pp. 144-152), 1992. After I posted the list of references I received the following additions including some for those who read Dutch Bodine, A. (1975), Sex Differentiation in Language, In: Language and Sex (Thorne & Henley eds.), pp. 130-151, Rowley, Mass.: Nebury House. Brouwer, D. e.a. (1978), Vrouwentaal en mannenpraat, Amsterdam: Van Gennep. Boves, L e.a. (1982), Opvattingen van vrouwen en mannen over de spraak van mannen en vrouwen,in: De Nieuwe Taalgids 75(1) p.1-23. Eckert, Penelope and Sally McConnell-Ginet, 1992. "Think Practically and Look Locally," _Annual Review of Anthropology_ 21:461-490. Tannen, Deborah. (Ed) 1993. _Gender and Conversational Interaction._ Oxford University Press. holmesj@matai.vuw.ac.nz Janet Holmes, Linguistics Department, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600. Wellington, New Zealand. (04) 4721000 X8796. Fax:(O4) 4712070 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 94 13:41 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: Sum: More on negation in French and English A postscript to my previous summary on negation in French and English. There is a good pedagogical treatment in : J. Delisle, LA TRADUCTION RAISONEE. Ottawa, Les Presses de l'Universite d'Ottowa, 1993. Available from: Gaetan morin editeur, 171, Boul de Mortagne, Boucherville (Quebec), Canada, J4B 6G4, Tel: (514) 449 7886 or in Europe from Tothemes diffusion, 26 avenue de l'Europe, 78140 Velisy, France. Tel: (+33) 1 34 63 33 33. Delisle refers to the following articles by S. Pons-Ridler & G. Quillard: Pedagogie de la negation. TTR, vol 5, no1, 1992, pp 113-143 Quelques aspects de la negation: comparaison de l'anglais et du francais. La Revue canadienne des langues vivantes vol 47, no. 2, Jan 1991, pp. 327-340. Stylistique comparee: la forme interro-negative en francais et en anglais. La Linguistique, vol 27, fasc 1, 1991, pp. 111-118. Thanks to P. Russell from Sherbrooke University for sending me this information. I'll send in a summary on French corpora soon. I'm still waiting for some promised information to arrive in the post. Long live the List! Send in your money soon, folks. Raphael Salkie, The Language Centre, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH England Tel: (0273) 643335 (direct line); (0273) 643337 (Language Centre Office). Fax: (0273) 690710 Email: RMS3@UK.AC.BRIGHTON.VMS -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-252. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-253. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 95 Subject: 5.253 Double modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 09:44:13 EST5EDT From: "Dr. Barbara A. Fennell" Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals 2) Date: Wed, 02 Mar 94 09:24:28 EST From: Larry Horn Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals 3) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 11:14:39 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 09:44:13 EST5EDT From: "Dr. Barbara A. Fennell" Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals For a brief summary of double modal usage in Southern American English and a discussion of its possible sources, please refer to my miscellany article in the most recent edition of American Speech and the works cited in it. Full details: Barbara A. Fennell (1993) 'Evidence for British Sources of Double Modal Constructions in Southern American English.' AMERICAN SPEECH, 68.4. pp. 430 - 438. Barbara Fennell North Carolina State University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 02 Mar 94 09:24:28 EST From: Larry Horn Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals In response to Tom King's posting, I confess that I feel a bit uneasy hearing "could" described as having indicative vs. subjunctive senses. For one thing, I take this mood distinction, at least as reflected in English, to involve subcategorization by some higher predicate (e.g. 'demand that he leave') or other other operator taking scope over it (e.g. 'if she were to leave')--note that these are two different notions, or realizations, of 'subjunctive'. In any case, subjunctive is a grammatical category and does not correspond to a constant 'sense'. I would be more comfortable with the standard terminology of modality, in which 'could' would be described as having an epistemic sense or use (He could be there now, for all I know), a root meaning as the past of 'can' (She could run a 4 minute mile in her younger days) that expresses potentiality or physical possibility, and a deontic meaning (as in the sequence of tense example She said that you could come). These understandings (i.e. senses or uses, depending on the analysis) thus correspond respectively to 'it is possible that...', 'it was possible for...' or 'NP was able to...', and 'it was permitted for...'/'NP was permitted to'. That-all aside, my own informant work on double modal dialects in Texas and Arkansas is consistent with Tom King's finding. Specifically, may/might can occur ONLY as the FIRST modal in a sequence, and always with the epistemic meaning 'maybe', 'it is possible that'. On the other hand, can/could ONLY occurred as the LAST modal in a sequence, and always with a root or deontic meaning involving ability or permission. The maximum number of modals in attested sequences was three, and 'should' and 'will' were found in addition to the others. Thus, He'll can come. 'He will be able to come' You might should come. 'Perhaps you should come' You might could be right. and so on. It's nice to know these constructions have roots in the sod of the old country. Larry Horn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 11:14:39 -0600 From: Natalie Maynor Subject: Re: 5.241 Double modals The President of the United States uses double modals. --Natalie (maynor@ra.msstate.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-253. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-254. Fri 04 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 80 Subject: 5.254 Calls: ESCOL 94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 01 Mar 94 11:13:45 EST From: Stanley Dubinsky Subject: Call for papers: ESCOL 94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 01 Mar 94 11:13:45 EST From: Stanley Dubinsky Subject: Call for papers: ESCOL 94 ******************************* C A L L F O R P A P E R S ******************************* E S C O L 94 at the University of South Carolina September 30 - October 2, 1994 Deadline for submitting abstracts: June 1, 1994 Invited speakers: Eve Clark, Stanford U William Davies, U of Iowa David Dowty, Ohio State U Margaret Speas, U of Massachusetts With a special session on: "Thematic and Semantic Properties in Language Acquisition". Abstracts of 20 minute papers in all areas of formal linguistics from any theoretical perspective are solicited. Submit 10 copies of an anonymous 500 word abstract (one page, one inch margins, unreduced type) along with a 3X5 card (an additional page may contain examples and references). The card should contain the following information: title of the paper name of the author address/affiliation phone number email address (if applicable) Copies of abstracts should be sent to: ESCOL '94 Linguistics Program University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208 Information on registration and housing will be available in August. For information, contact ESCOL94@univscvm.binet, Phone 803-777-2063, Fax 803-777-9064 or Stan Dubinsky (Dubinsk@univscvm.binet) Sponsored by the Linguistics Program and the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of South Carolina in conjunction with the following departments: Anthropology, English, French and Classics, German, Slavic and Oriental Languages, Philosophy, Psychology, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, and Speech Pathology and Audiology. Proceedings will be published by Cornell University Working Papers in Linguistics. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-254. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-255. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 52 Subject: 5.255 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 11:50:17 +0100 (MST) From: martinha@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Martin Haspelmath) Subject: mainstream-periphery in linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 1994 11:50:17 +0100 (MST) From: martinha@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Martin Haspelmath) Subject: mainstream-periphery in linguistics I don't think David Gil's observation regarding the fears of non-mainstream linguists is particularly surprising. Isn't this a normal sociological effect? Marginal, non-mainstream members of a community are ashamed of their status and try to hide it whenever possible--this seems to be very common in all kinds of communities. (The fact that non-mainstream linguists have fewer job chances can be seen from the fact that many job announcements now include descriptions such as "formal syntax", "formal semantics", etc. What do you do if you belong to the non-negligible minority of linguists who happen to believe that mainstream formal approaches to linguistics are misguided? (e.g. if you think that the fuzzy approaches to grammar that were highlighted in a recent LINGUIST posting are on the right track) By contrast, I haven't seen a job announcement for fuzzy syntax or cognitive semantics yet.) What I find more interesting is the question why there should be such a mainstream-periphery division in linguistics at all. Does it exist in all fields? Or is this specific to linguistics? A priori, a field could be divided sociologically in all sorts of ways -- there could be two major and equally respected schools (as in American party politics), or there could be numerous small schools, with none of them having a clear leading role (as in the present Russian parliament). In fact, linguistics seems to be organized in the way Mexican politics is. Why? Martin Haspelmath -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-255. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-256. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 154 Subject: 5.256 Review: The Oxford Acoustic Phonetic Database on Compact Disk Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Review Editor: Barbara Johnstone: Texas A&M U. REVIEW EDITOR'S NOTE: What follows is another discussion note contributed to our Book Discussion Forum. We expect these discussions to be informal and interactive; and the author of the book discussed is cordially invited to join in. If you are interested in leading a book discussion, look for books announced on LINGUIST as "available for discussion." (This means that the publisher has sent us a review copy.) Then contact Barbara Johnstone at bcj@tamuts.tamu.edu -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 12:25:02 EST From: Ian MacKay Subject: Review of The Oxford Acoustic Phonetic Database on Compact Disk -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 21 Feb 94 12:25:02 EST From: Ian MacKay Subject: Review of The Oxford Acoustic Phonetic Database on Compact Disk Content-Length: 5737 The Oxford Acoustic Phonetic Database on Compact Disk By J. B. Pickering and B.S. Rosner 1993 Oxford University Press Reviewed by Ian MacKay (imackay@acadvm1.uottawa.ca) The title of this work, Acoustic Phonetic Database, might be construed as suggesting that it consists of an attempt to present exemplars of the range of sounds of human language. However, the authors' goal was quite a different one. What they have compiled is a database of words containing monophthongs in 7 languages. Therefore, while the database contains many consonants, its goal is to present native- speaker exemplars of simple vowels in context. The database will permit acoustic phonetic research on vowels from a standard set of recordings, thereby dealing with questions as to whether different researchers' conclusions result from differences in technique or in the data studied; issues of phonetic context (both segmental and suprasegmental), register, dialect, talker age, talker sex, and talker size (which correlates to vocal tract length) create such a tapestry of variables that, particularly in the medium of print, they cannot be satisfactorily dealt with. However, with a standard reference set such as this, there now exists a standard to which comparisons can be made, to say nothing of the availability of a vast database for direct acoustic descriptive work. The authors suggest that the databases will also be useful to those engineers working on automatic speech recognition, as well as to psychologists, in addition to the obvious utility to linguists. The publication consists of a phonetic database on 2 CD ROMs and an accompanying manual. The collection and wide dissemination of a database such as this is made possible by CD ROM, which permits precise acoustic control and safeguards the integrity of the data. Distribution by magnetic tape or vinyl disk, a technique that has been employed in the past for some phonetic and other demonstration material, has all of the fidelity and signal-to-noise ratio problems inherent in analogue materials, as well as problems of wow and the precision of playback speed. The 7 languages in fact means 8 databases, since both an American and a British dialect of English are included. The databases include 10 vowels in American English, 11 vowels in British English, 10 vowels in French, 14 in German, 14 in Hungarian, 7 in Italian, 10 in Japanese, and 5 in Spanish. Some choices seem arbitrary: nasalized monophthongs in French are excluded; [OU] and [Ei] in English are excluded, but [ij] and [uw], which are typically diphthongal as well, are included, presumably because they are closer to having a monophthongal character. The dialects chosen are generally the most prestigious or best-known: RP British, Castilian Spanish, Northern German (Hochdeutsch), Northern Italian, Tokyo Japanese, etc. The choice of languages was surely in part a matter of practicality, but the attempt has been to include, among IE languages, representatives of Germanic and Romance languages, and two non-IE languages as well. The authors rejected nonsense words in collecting their data. They determined the phonotactically-permissible environments for the target vowels in each language (typically: stressed VC and CV or CVC, and unstressed VC and CV), and then sought words that furnished that context for the target vowels. The informants ("speakers") pronounced these words, and the isolated vowels as well (in some languages, of course, the isolated vowels are also lexical items). Taking into account the variety of environments, the American English inventory includes 694 words; 794 in RP; 566 in French; 740 in Hochdeutsch; 957 in Budapest Hungarian; 442 in Italian; 479 in Japanese; and 382 in Spanish. These figures give some appreciation of the scope of the databases, which are truly enormous. Similar care was given to the informant characteristics. Each word list was produced by 8 talkers, 4 female, 4 male. They were roughly matched for stature; exact heights are given. They are also roughly matched for age in order to avoid variability due to historical change in progress. Details of the recording and digitizing process are provided. The recordings have 12-bit depth and a 10-kHz digitization. Most of the 200-page manual is given over to the listings of words. For each language database, the vowels are listed by vowel and context, by alphabetical order, and by the numerical order of the test words. The CD ROMs were designed for usage in a DOS environment in conjunction with such an analysis program as CSRE (Canadian Speech Research Environment). Usage with a Macintosh is less transparent, and involves the use of FileConverter (still, the CD ROMs mount on a Macintosh and show directory contents straighforwardly). The Macintosh-converted files can then be accessed by a waveform editor. The authors suggest the use of Signalize; a description of Signalize was posted on LINGUIST in February 1994. This work represents an attempt to create an accessible database collected under closely controlled conditions and usable by those having access to what is now considered quite pedestrian equipment, namely a PC with a CD ROM player. (One improvement that could be made would have been the inclusion of software that would permit playback without having specialized analysis software.) The endproduct represents the accomplishment of an impressive undertaking, and provides a tool of considerable utility. NOTE: The reviewer would like to apologize to editors and subscribers of LINGUIST, as well as to the publisher and authors, for the delay in posting this review. Obviously, the advantage of an electronic forum such as LINGUIST is the timely posting of material. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-256. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-257. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 196 Subject: 5.257 Survey: Politeness on the Net Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 04:09:13 CST From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: Politeness on the net -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 04:09:13 CST From: susan@utafll.uta.edu (Susan Herring) Subject: Politeness on the net The following survey is part of a project I am conducting on politeness on the net. I'd appreciate it if everyone who reads this message could take a few minutes to answer and return the survey. All responses will remain strictly confidential. A summary of the results will be made available to respondents upon request. ========================================================================= NETIQUETTE SURVEY The following questions concern behavior on electronic discussion lists and/or newsgroups. Answer on the basis of your personal experience and reactions. Needless to say, there are no correct or incorrect answers. 1. What behaviors bother you most on the net? 2. What net behaviors do you most appreciate when you encounter them? 3. In an ideal world, what one change would you most like to see in the way people participate on the net? SPECIFIC BEHAVIORS For each behavior listed below, place an X under the number that indicates how common the behavior is in your experience on the net, and your typical reaction when you encounter it. (If the behavior reminds you of a particular list or group, feel free to mention the group or otherwise comment.) rare common like dislike 1. Participants post very 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 long messages 2. Participants post short 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 messages 3. The same participant(s) 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 post frequently 4. Requests are posted for 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 obvious or easily- obtained information 5. Requests are posted on 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 FAQs or topic previously discussed rare common like dislike 6. Messages don't contain 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 explicit subject headers 7. Messages contain typos 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 or spelling errors 8. Messages are unclearly 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 worded or otherwise obscure 9. Messages posted on topics 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 not directly related to focus of list/newsgroup 10. Same msg. posted more than 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 once to same list/newsgroup rare common like dislike 11. Message cross-posted to 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 multiple lists/newsgroups 12. Messages sent publicly 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 instead of to listserv or to a private individual 13. Messages quote all of 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 message being responded to 14. Elaborate signature files 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 15. Messages contain personal 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 or intimate information about sender rare common like dislike 16. Messages compliment or 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 thank others for their messages 17. Messages agree with the 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 content of previous msgs. 18. Messages challenge the 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 content of previous msgs. 19. Messages have humorous 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 content 20. Messages are ironic or 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 sarcastic in tone rare common like dislike 21. Messages contain insider 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 references understandable only to members of that group 22. Messages give advice to 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 other participants 23. Messages sympathize with 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 other participants 24. Messages are tentative or 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 overly polite 25. Messages forcefully 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 assert sender's views rare common like dislike 26. Participants boast of own 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 achievements/importance 27. Messages contain profanity 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 28. Messages have racist 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 content 29. Messages have sexist 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 content 30. Participants "flame" or 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 express strong negative emotion OTHER 1. How many screens does a message have to be before you consider it "too long" (i.e. consider deleting it or skipping to the next message)? 2. Would you favor limits on length and/or frequency of posting to public lists/newsgroups? If so, what limits would you propose? 3. Put an X next to the statement that best applies: In my experience on the net, participants behave politely and appropriately a) almost all the time b) most of the time, with some exceptions c) about half of the time d) not very often e) almost never RESPONDENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION (important) 1. Age: under 25; 25-35; 36-45; 46-55; 56-65; over 65 2. Sex: M F 3. Ethnicity: White (non-Hispanic); Asian; African-American; Hispanic; Native American; other 4. Native language if other than English: 5. Academic position: Prof; Assoc. Prof; Assist. Prof; Instructor (non tenure-track); Grad student; Undergrad; academic staff; researcher; not associated with academia 6. Field of specialization: 7. Number of years using computer networks: 8. Number of electronic discussion lists you currently subscribe to: 9. How often, on the average, do you contribute to these lists? 10. Number of newsgroups you read (regularly or occasionally): 11. How often, on the average, do you contribute to these newsgroups? ===================================================================== Thank you for responding. Please send surveys and requests for summary of survey results to susan@utafll.uta.edu or (snail mail): Prof. Susan Herring, Program in Linguistics, University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. --------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-257. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-258. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 71 Subject: 5.258 Double Modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 05 Mar 94 05:45 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: Re: 5.253 Double modals 2) Date: Sat, 05 Mar 94 12:14:04 CST From: Michael Picone Subject: double modals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 05 Mar 94 05:45 GMT From: ECOLING@applelink.apple.com (Ecological Linguistics,Anderson,PRT) Subject: Re: 5.253 Double modals In the discussion of double modals by a couple of linguists recently, there is a question oddly not asked. Using Larry Horn's example: >The maximum number of modals in attested sequences was three, >and 'should' and 'will' were found in addition to the others. Thus, > He'll can come. 'He will be able to come' It would seem we should ask whether "can" here is truly a modal? If it is "be able to" under a different surface form (which it seems semantically to be), then it is not a modal, even though it looks just like what is in other dialects or even other sentences in the same dialects (?) a modal. So we then would not have three in a row (in some other examples) ?? Lloyd Anderson -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 05 Mar 94 12:14:04 CST From: Michael Picone Subject: double modals Tom King says: >Concerning the forms which you did not hear, such as >'may can', 'should could', etc.: 'may' and 'might' are the only elements >which can occur first in a double modal, since they (esp. 'might') have >the strongest sense of expressing possibility as opposed to certainty. >Therefore, they are used to express the subjunctive senses. The second >element can only be 'could' or 'should' since these alone are ambiguous; >'may can' is unlikely, since 'can' only has an indicative sense. Contrary to what the above would seem to imply, `can' does appear as a element in the American South. A contact in Krotz Springs, Louisiana said the following to me over the phone: "I'm not sure if I can help you, but I might can." (I made immediate note of it for a colleague studying double modals.) June 1992. Mike Picone -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-258. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-259. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 271 Subject: 5.259 Sum: Divine Pronouns Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 10:33:46 CST From: molsen@astrid.ling.nwu.edu (Mari Olsen) Subject: Sum: Divine pronouns -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 94 10:33:46 CST From: molsen@astrid.ling.nwu.edu (Mari Olsen) Subject: Sum: Divine pronouns In re: my request for "divine pronouns" (5.178) Linda Coleman (LC22@umail.umd.edu) reminded me that the people at the Summer institute of Linguistics would "have the info if anyone did." I'm still waiting to hear from an SIL person... I received information regarding Chalcatongo Mixtec from Monica Macaulay (macaulay@sage.cc.purdue.edu): Well, Chalcatongo Mixtec has a pronoun sort of like what you describe. It's a pronominal enclitic, =zVa (using "zV" for voiced palatal fricative), which I gloss as "supernatural." It can be used for God and Jesus, but also for a priest, a nun, and, interestingly, the devil. regarding Chinese from Joyce Tang Boyland (jtang@cogsci.berkeley.edu): Chinese has only one pronoun, to be used for whatever gender, incl. inanimate. However sometimes the characters are written differently, with a "spirit" radical on the left, for example, when it refers to God. It's pronounced ta- (high level tone). Picus Sizhi Ding (dinpling@fac.anu.edu.au) Although there is only a third person singular pronoun in spoken Chinese, (ta in Mandarin), the form can be written differently in such a way that gender is signified. There are three more forms: one for animals, one for inanimate, and one for god. The divine form seems to be used in Christian materials rather than in Buddhist stories. Like the characters for different gender, it is most likely a recent invent. That's my Chinese impression. and Karen S. Chung (karchung@ccms.ntu.edu.tw): Sometime early in this century, a whole slew of custom-made third person singular pronominal forms began to appear in standard Chinese--but*only* in the written form, since all are pronounced the same, i.e. Chinese does not distinguish gender or animacy in third person singular pronouns. But mainly due to influence from Western languages via the process of translation into Chinese, forms were created for females ('she'), inanimates('it'), animals, and deities. Divine pronouns are used mainly in Christian writings (e.g. the Bible and hymns), and sometimes for local gods. But no one really takes any of these written variants seriously--the original _ta_ does fine for all, or otherwise pronominal reference, especially to inanimates, is simply avoided. ...[since] the Chinese pronouns exist only in the written form, so the English convention of capitalizing any nominal reference to God is not that different from the Chinese character used, since it involves only changing the 'human' radical of the _ta_ pronoun to a 'deity' radical; the phonetic stays the same. There is however, a more regular way of showing respect in written Chinese that is usually reserved for Sun Yat-sen, the Republic of China's 'Father of the Country', and sometimes for Chiang Kai-shek in propaganda writings at least: they leave one or two blank spaces before their name. That's probably closer to the use of capitalized English pronouns. I can't think of any English equivalent for the 'animal' pronoun though, except for hestitation about which of the three available to use; usually 'he' or 'she' if the gender is known, otherwise 'it'. I heard from Aaron (BROADWELL GEORGE AARON, gb661@csc.albany.edu) on Chocho: In Jorge Suarez's 1983 book , he lists Chocho as having a separate "devotional" pronoun. My guess from this is that the pronoun is appropriately used for the divine, though perhaps that includes saints, angels, etc. as well as God. [Chocho is an Otomanguean language, spoken (I think) in Oaxaca.] and from R. M. Chandler-Burns (rchandlr@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx) on Spanish: In the Spanish speaking world one talks to God, Jesus, the Virgen Maria and the saints in the informal second person singular. Like talking to your brother or sister...TU/TUYO (thou/thine,thy, etc.). ...What is really different in the Spanish speaking world is that one can use the diminutive with God, Jesus and the Virgin Mary: Diosito, virgencita, etc. and the English speaking world would hardly think of talking to the deity in those terms. It has to have minimizing categories to be able to deal with them. on Persian and Islam from Reza Hashema Gask (gask@ccl.umist.ac.uk): Though highly respecting God (or "Khoda" or "Allah" the Persian and Arabic equivalents, respectively), Muslims in general, and Iranians in particular refer to God with 2nd person gender-neutral singular pronoun "to", which corresponds to English "you"...pronouns of respect addressing people of prestige and divine ones do exist in Persian. They are, nonetheless, not used with respect to Allah...due to the Islamic teachings saying that Allah is one's most intimate friend; none of the intimate participants of a friendly environment likes to be, or sound,"pedantic". ...[this] applies to "direct speech" or "confession-like" talking with God. There is also the "gender-neutral" but "person-restricted" 3rd person singular pronoun "oo" which is used for indirect reference to God Almighty. This corresponds to English 3rd person singular pronoun, except that it is neutral with respect to the gender color which is marked in English "HE". and regarding the Quaker use of thee/thou from Sonja Launspach (T720026@UNIVSCVM.CSD.SCAROLINA.EDU): ...the use of the informal pronouns is not restricted to God , but is generally used in group, rather than a generational thing altho they are used less and less in the Meetings I've attended. Steven Schaufele (fcosws@nytud.hu) offers a creative solution for English, borrowing from Finnish: But i have for many years now been productively using a set of gender-neutral 3rd-person pronouns of my own coinage (well, creative borrowing from Finnish, really): the stem is 'hann' (rhymes with the name of the character in Star Wars -- there's an umlaut in the Finnish original -- cliticizes to a syllabic /n/, with a good old Germanic -s for the possessive)...in a lot of circumstances in which i'm referring to a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant and for whatever reason the generic plural doesn't fit. I posted some things to LINGUIST about this last summer, if i remember correctly. I use 'Hann' in church to refer to the Trinity as a Whole and to the First Member Thereof. Since the Second Member is historically male i have no qualms about using traditional masculine pronouns in referring to Him. For the Paraclete i've revived a first-century minority practice of using feminine pronouns. Several members of my home parish in Champaign have picked up with delight on my habit of saying in the Creed, 'With the Father and the Son She is is worshipped and glorified; She has spoken through the prophets', or, 'All praise and thanks to God / The Father now be given, / The Son, and Her Who reigns / With Them in highest Heaven' (note: use of 'Them' to refer to Members of the Trinity severally....) Note however that for me this is just an extension of a broader usage. Donald Hook offers a reference (Donald.Hook@mail.trincoll.edu): I have been working assiduously in theolinguistics for some years and invite you to have a look at a recent article of mine co-authored with A. F. Kimel, Jr., entitled "The Pronouns of Deity: A Theolinguistic Critique of Feminist Proposals," in _The Scottish Journal of Theology_, vol. 46, no. 3, 1993, pp.297-323. and Henry Churchyard (LIFY436@UTXVMS.cc.utexas.edu) reminds me of a recent Linguist exchange on the broader issue of gender-neutral pronouns: In Linguist List 3.275, Michael Newman states: > As regards gender-neutral pronominals, I'm in the >midst of a rather large study (actually it's my >dissertation) on the theme of pronominal >variations with human reference antecedents; so >I've seen a lot of data. On the specific issue >involved here, it seems that it is a gross >oversimplification to imagine that the third person >singular subparadigm is neatly divided up into >masculine, feminine and neuter with a gaping hole >in the middle for uncertain, unspecified, indistinct >or irrelevant, just waiting for the right element to >come along and fill it. I am aware of one language (Azande or Zande) which actually has just such a fourth indeterminate entity in its pronominal system. In addition to Masculine, Feminine, and Inanimate pronouns, the language also possesses a fourth pronominal gender category, called `Animal' in the grammars. In addition to denoting animals, the pronouns of this fourth category are also used for infants and supernatural beings (which are problematic categories for Masculine/Feminine/Inanimate gender assignment), as seen in the following quotations from E.E. Evans- Pritchard, _Social Anthropology and Other Essays_ (1962): p.246: ``This idea of a new-born babe as not yet constituting a full human being is further displayed in linguistic usage, for one commonly hears the foetus spoken of as _si_ (the [Inanimate] pronoun used for things), though often it is referred to as _u_ (the pronoun used for animals and birds), and they continue to speak of a baby as _u_ until it grows strong and they have no doubt it will live, when they begin to talk of it as _ko_ (the masculine pronoun) or as _li_ (the feminine pronoun) according to its sex.'' p.311 (quoting a discussion of whether or not a certain vague culture-hero is conceived of as a supernatural entity): ``He comments, `What the people imagine Baati to be is difficult to say. Were he accepted as a spirit, or as a personification of the deity Mbali, he would undoubtedly be accorded the neuter [Animal] gender [...]. He must have [...] the power of responding to calls made for him at his various haunting places; and yet the Azande interrogated replied, "_Ko wa boro_, he is like a person", again using the masculine _ko_ and not the supernatural neuter _u_.' '' (For information on the linguistic forms of these pronouns, as opposed to their contextual use, see _Linguistic Analyses: The Non-Bantu Languages of North-Eastern Africa_, by A.N. Tucker and M.A. Bryan (1966), p.146ff.) Thanks again to all who responded. Mari Broman Olsen Northwestern University Department of Linguistics 2016 Sheridan Road Evanston, IL 60208 molsen@astrid.ling.nwu.edu molsen@babel.ling.nwu.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-259. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-260. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 266 Subject: 5.260 Sum: Chinese Translation Software Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 05 Mar 1994 10:27:42 -0800 (PST) From: Minglang Zhou Subject: sum:translation software -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sat, 05 Mar 1994 10:27:42 -0800 (PST) From: Minglang Zhou Subject: sum:translation software I made an inquiry about translation software (from Chinese to English and English to Chinese) about a week ago. I really appreciate the responses I have got from this net. I put the information in this package, since there are more people who showed interest in such softwares than those who were able to provide the information. Thanks again. Minglang Zhou >From Wally Frick, Dept. of Language Studies, Edith Cowan University, Perth,Western Australia. e-mail: w.frick@cowan.edu.au or:wfrick@yarrow.wt.uwa.edu.au. There is a program called Marco Polo which was developed in part by a company called Syntone, of 31 Haidian Lu, Haidian District, Beijing. Fax prefix for China and Beijing plus 2562966. The Chinese to English version viewed in 1991 was quite good and efficient. The English to Chinese required considerable post-editing as it did not handle idiomatic speech well. E.g. How time flies was translated with : Shijian kuai fei. I am also in possession of a copy of Turbotranslator which was developed back in the late eighties but which has some programming bugs which the Australian marketing agents of this program could not sort out. Taiwan too has done considerable work. A company associated with the Taiwan Normal University should be ablet to assist. Also you could check the various listings under the worldwide Chinese archives allowing anonymous ftp. These are ifcss.org, cnd.org, cs.urdue.edu and in Taiwan %telnet archie. TWNIC.NET or NCTUCCCA.edu.tw or 192.83.166.10 or 140.111.1.10 login: archie. >From Sue Zeng, University of Hawaii> I heard that in Taiwan (Taiwan University??) they are developing software for this, but it may be for high school students. That's all I can offer! >From ericscot@ucssun1.sdsu.edu "Eric Scott" There is a Company here in the San Diego area which specializes in Asian Language software called Garjack International, Inc. They sell a product called Bi-Ling writer which translates between English and Chinese. It runs under DOS. I have not had the pleasure of using it, so I can't vouch for it one way or another. Their address: Garjack International, Inc. 5330 Carroll Canyon Rd. San Diego, CA 92121. Voice: (800) 833-7088 FAX: (619) 625-3828 >From Anne Gilman: Don't know if this would be any help, but I recently saw a demo of "Bamboo Helper", transliteration software that can go from the Taiwanese standard character representations (Big-G?) to whichever romanization you'd like, from Wade-Giles to pinyin, and it also pulls up the entry (or page) number of where to find that character in one of the most popular dictionaries. I know this does not even come close to being -translation-but I thought it might be of interest. >From M. K. Shen /shen@lrz-muenchen.de Many many years ago I happened to know that there was activity in machine translation in the Chinese University of Hongkong. Perhaps it isn't a bad idea if you make enquiry there. Let me know if you do get useful informations >From nelson chin /butta1@BU.edu there's a english <=> chinese dictionary available by gopher from taiwan. >From Wenting Yang/yang@ecf.toronto.edu I know there was such a commercial softawre in Beijing three years when I left China. It costs about 10,000-20,000 Renminbi which depends on how many parts you need. I ever tried to use it. I don't know if there are any similiar softwares available via anonymous FTP on the network. If you get any info about it, pls let me know. I guess the probability of this is very small. >From Wally Frick, Dept. of Language Studies, Edith Cowan University, Perth,Western Australia. e-mail: w.frick@cowan.edu.au or:wfrick@yarrow.wt.uwa.edu.au. There is a program called Marco Polo which was developed in part by a company called Syntone, of 31 Haidian Lu, Haidian District, Beijing. Fax prefix for China and Beijing plus 2562966. The Chinese to English version viewed in 1991 was quite good and efficient. The English to Chinese required considerable post-editing as it did not handle idiomatic speech well. E.g. How time flies was translated with :Shijian kuai fei. I am also in possession of a copy of Turbotranslator which was developed back in the late eighties but which has some programming bugs which the Australian marketing agents of this program could not sort out. Taiwan too has done considerable work. A company associated with the Taiwan Normal University should be ablet to assist. Also you could check the various listings under the worldwide Chinese archives allowing anonymous ftp. These are ifcss.org, cnd.org, cs.urdue.edu and in Taiwan %telnet archie.TWNIC.NET or NCTUCCCA.edu.tw or 192.83.166.10 or 140.111.1.10 login: archie. >From Sue Zeng, University of Hawaii> I heard that in Taiwan (Taiwan University??) they are developing software for this, but it may be for high school students. That's all I can offer! >From ericscot@ucssun1.sdsu.edu "Eric Scott" There is a Company here in the San Diego area which specializes in Asian Language software called Garjack International, Inc. They sell a product called Bi-Ling writer which translates between English and Chinese. It runs under DOS. I have not had the pleasure of using it, so I can't vouch for it one way or another. Their address: Garjack International, Inc. 5330 Carroll Canyon Rd. San Diego, CA 92121. Voice: (800) 833-7088 FAX: (619) 625-3828 >From Anne Gilman: Don't know if this would be any help, but I recently saw a demo of "Bamboo Helper", transliteration software that can go from the Taiwanese standard character representations (Big-G?) to whichever romanization you'd like, from Wade-Giles to pinyin, and it also pulls up the entry (or page) number of where to find that character in one of the most popular dictionaries. I know this does not even come close to being -translation-but I thought it might be of interest. >From M. K. Shen /shen@lrz-muenchen.de Many many years ago I happened to know that there was activity in machine translation in the Chinese University of Hongkong. Perhaps it isn't a bad idea if you make enquiry there. Let me know if you do get useful informations >From nelson chin /butta1@BU.edu there's a english <=> chinese dictionary available by gopher from taiwan. >From Wenting Yang/yang@ecf.toronto.edu I know there was such a commercial softawre in Beijing three years when I left China. It costs about 10,000-20,000 Renminbi which depends on how many parts you need. I ever tried to use it. I don't know if there are any similiar softwares available via anonymous FTP on the network. If you get any info about it, pls let me know. I guess the probability of this is very small. >From Jianhua Bai, Kenyon college When I was at Univ. of Pittsburgh, someone from the School of Library and Information Scicence was developing translation programs from English to Chinese and from Chinese to English. But I don't remember his name. Maybe you can write a letter and see if they can help you find the person: School of Library and Information Science University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA 15260 >From: IN%"chase@netcom.com" "James Lin" We have translation software for both directions on ETen/DOS and Chinese Windows environment. However, my opinion in that these software are really far from perfect. You must spend some time doing some post editing. However, the one from English to Chinese will have some side benefit -the system already generate a lot of Chinese, you don't have to type them in. >From: IN%"ONEILLP@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu" "Patricia O'Neill-Brown" I consulted Volume IV Issue I of Multilingual Computing Magazine and 2 products were listed under Chinese MT. Descriptions follow. 1. Marco Polo Multilingual System for MS/DOS Source: Cheng & Tsui 25 West St., Boston MA 02111 617-426-6074 617-426-3669 Fax No internet address Documentation: Printed. Price: $350/$500 Languages: Chinese, French, German, Greek, Italian, Japanese, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish. Type: General Applications, Machine Translation, Writing and Publishing. Description: Ten language DOS shell, word processor, super organizer and spreadsheet. Works as a Chinese, Japanese or English based system. Other languages also available. On-line dictionary. Separate simplified and traditional Chinese character versions. Japanese Kanji/Kana term input by Romaji or Kana. Chinese input by Pinyin, Cang Hie, G.B. Code, Telegraph, 5 stroke, Qu Wei and English. The other languages accessed by pressing function keys. Requirements: VGA or EGA graphics. Disk Formats 3 1/2", 5 1/4". 2. Multilingual Dictionary Database for MS/DOS Source: Harrap Publishing Group 26 Market Square Bromley Kent BR1 1NA United Kingdom 081-313-0775 081-313-0702 Fax No internet address Price $950, $595 Languages: Chinese, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish Type: Correction, Machine Translation Description: The Multilingual Dictionary Database gives you the equivalent of 132 bilingual dictionaries in one CD-ROM disk. It includes definitions, translations and synonyms in 12 languages that cover science, technology, business, data processing and everyday usage. The Language Search will find a word, phrase or definition. The Dictionary Search will show the complete dictionary entry for a specified term, and the equivalents of commonly used expressions that use the term. The Related Terms Search is used as a thesaurus, providing a list of synonyms for a specified word. If a specific dictionary does not exist, (for example, to translate German to Chinese), Languages of the World will channel through all the appropriate dictionaries within 18 offered and find your word. Terms searched in Japanese or Chinese can be shown in Japanese or Chinese characters in addition to Roman letters. Languages of the World can be used directly with word processors. A split-screen format allows word processing text to be shown in the lower half, and the CD-ROM multilingual dictionary on the upper. And with one command, the translated word or phrase can be inserted into the word processor document. LINGUIST List: Vol-5-260. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-261. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 69 Subject: 5.261 Sum: Breath Intake and Utterance Duration Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 09:30:00 +0000 From: "charles (c.a.) hoequist" Subject: breath summary -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 3 Mar 1994 09:30:00 +0000 From: "charles (c.a.) hoequist" Subject: breath summary About eight weeks ago I posted a query concerning the relation between breath intake and utterance duration, as well as breath training by professional speakers. No one was able to send a cite answering the queries, (BTW - to all the people who suggest Jrn. of Speech and Hearing Res.: nothing there. Surprising but true) but a surprising number of people requested that I post any results. Here you are: Hixon, T.J. et al. (1987) "Respiratory kinematics in classical (Shakespearean) actors", in T.J. Hixon (ed.), _Respiratory Function in Speech and Song_. San Diego: College Hill Press, pp. 375-400. This one talks about breath control in professional speakers. Atkinson, J.E. (1973). _Aspects of intonation in speech: Implications from an experimental study of fundamental frequency_. PhD. Thesis, University of Connecticut, Storrs. This actually does claim a relation between breath intake and utterance duration, but my colleague who actually found the cite (I don't have access to dissertations, out here in the wilderness) says that the data are skimpy. On reflection, breath-intake duration isn't the optimal marker for measuring amount of air taken in. The ideal would be to put subjects into Phil Lieberman's plethysmograph and measure air intake volume, but he hasn't published anything relating intake volume and utterance duration that I can find. Thanks for all the responses. I was surprised to see the interest my query generated. And a tip of the hat to Douglas Whalen of Haskins Labs, who did yeoman service in hunting down hard-to-find stuff. # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # Charles Hoequist, Jr. | Internet: hoequist@bnr.ca BNR, Inc. | voice: 919-991-8642 PO Box 13478 | fax: 919-991-8008 Research Triangle Park NC 27709-3478 USA The number you have dialed is imaginary. Please rotate your telephone ninety degrees and try again. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-261. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-262. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 94 Subject: 5.262 Jobs: Chair and lectureship, computer analysis of language Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 17:07:25 GMT From: E S Atwell Subject: Chair & 2 Lectureships at Leeds University -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 17:07:25 GMT From: E S Atwell Subject: Chair & 2 Lectureships at Leeds University I am posting the following on behalf of colleagues in the Philosophy Dept here at Leeds University; readers of this bulletin interested in Artificial Intelligence and/or Computer Analysis of Language And Speech from a Philosophical perspective will hopefully be interested (I have to say I'm biased in favour of potential colleagues I could collaborate with!!) Eric Steven Atwell National Coordinator, Higher Education Funding Councils' KBS Initiative Director, Centre for Computer Analysis of Language And Speech (CCALAS) Artificial Intelligence Division, School of Computer Studies phone: +44 532 335761 Leeds University FAX: +44 532 335468 Leeds LS2 9JT Email: eric@scs.leeds.ac.uk England &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& THE UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY CHAIR OF PHILOSOPHY TWO LECTURESHIPS IN PHILOSOPHY Applications are invited for a Chair of Philosophy and for two permanent Lectureships in Philosophy. All these posts are tenable from 1 September 1994, or as soon as possible thereafter by agreement. Candidates with interests in any area of philosophy are Following a recent expansion of the Department in both staff and student numbers, the University is seeking to consolidate and to strengthen the Department's research profile. The advertised posts will increase the permanent staff of the Department from 16 to 19. The persons appointed will have a proven research record. The successful candidate for the Chair will be expected to provide leadership for research activities in Philosophy within the Department. The salary for the Chair will be within the non-clinical professorial range. The salary for each of the lectureships will be on Grade A (13,601 - 18,855) or Grade B (19,642 - 25,107). [Figures are pounds sterling.] The University of Leeds is an equal opportunity employer. Women and members of ethnic minorities are under-represented in the University in posts at this level and the University would therefore particulary welcome applications from members of such groups, whilst, however, affirming that the appointment will be made entirely on merit. Further particulars for the Chair (reference number 13/16), and application forms and further particulars for the two Lectureships (reference number 13/17) may be obtained from the Personnel Division (Academic Section), Office of the Registrar, the University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, tel: 0532 335771 - direct line, quoting the relevant reference number. The closing date for applications for the Lectureships is 18 March 1994. The closing date for applications for the Chair is Thursday 31 March 1994. [Copies of the further particulars for these posts may be obtained by anonymous ftp from ftp.scs.leeds.ac.uk, name 'anonymous' and give your email address as the password. For the professorial chair further particulars ask for the file philos/chair_partics; for the lectureship further particular ask for the file philos/lect_partics; for the staff-list of the Philosophy Department (listing interests etc.) ask for the file philos/stafflist. The Philosophy Department at Leeds is grateful to the School of Computer Studies for providing this facility.] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-262. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-263. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 61 Subject: 5.263 TOC: Sprachtypologie & Universalienforschung 47.1 (1994) Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace [Moderators' note: though we don't have a formal "Article Discussion Forum," current journal articles are very appropriate topics for net discussion, and we would like to encourage readers to post such commentary. This year we will publish the tables of contents of current journal issues if they are reduced to 20 lines or less; and we will maintain journal backlists on our listserv. Our resources, however, do not allow us to post the tables of contents of either working papers or books. Currently available backlists include: LI lst (Linguistic Inquiry) To retrieve this backlist, simply send the message get LI lst linguist to Listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu (Internet) or Listserv@tamvm1 (Bitnet) -------------------------Table of Contents------------------------------ Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 12:23:07 +0100 (MST) From: martinha@fub46.zedat.fu-berlin.de (Martin Haspelmath) Subject: TOC: STUF 47.1 (1994) STUF (Sprachtypologie & Universalienforschung) 47.1 (1994) Table of contents: Martin Haspelmath: Functional categories, X-bar theory and grammaticalization theory Emmanuel Kweku Osam: From serial verbs to prepositions and the road between Rolf Thieroff: "Process and state passives in Germanic and Romance" [in German] Reviews: N. Fuhrhop, rev. of Thomas Becker, Analogie und morphologische Theorie. H. Barthel, rev. of Uwe Hinrichs, Linguistik des Hoerens. W.W. Schumacher, rev. of A Nauru grammar [STUF is published by Akademie Verlag Berlin, a division of VCH, P.O. Box 101161, D-69451 Weinheim, Fax +49-6201-606117, or VCH Publishers, Inc., 303 NW 12th Ave., Deerfield Beach, FL 33442-1788, Fax +1-305-428820] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-263. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-264. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 50 Subject: 5.264 New Program: TESOL at Cal State Hayward Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 08:18:20 +0800 From: msilva@s1.csuhayward.edu (Marilyn Silva) Subject: New M.A. prgram in TESOL at Cal State Hayward -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 2 Mar 1994 08:18:20 +0800 From: msilva@s1.csuhayward.edu (Marilyn Silva) Subject: New M.A. prgram in TESOL at Cal State Hayward In Fall Quarter 1994, the English Department at California State University, Hayward (located in the heart of the San Francisco Bay Area) will inaugurate a new Master's Degree Option in TESOL (Teaching English as a Second Language). The newly designed program will be both practical and theoretical, preparing professionally competent designers, coordinators, and instructors of English programs for second-language and limited-English-proficiency students at high schools and colleges. Participants in the program will have access to the latest research in methods and materials and will gain direct, hands-on experience in the ESL classroom and tutorial lab, including the use of computers in ESL instruction. Inquiries about program requirements and prerequisites should be directed to: Chair, English Department California State University, Hayward Hayward CA 94542 510-881-3153 or send e-mail to Marilyn Silva -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-264. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-265. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 243 Subject: 5.265 Conf: Information Retrieval Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 14:35:41 +0000 From: Alan.Smeaton@compapp.dcu.ie Subject: SIGIR'94 call for participation -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 14:35:41 +0000 From: Alan.Smeaton@compapp.dcu.ie Subject: SIGIR'94 call for participation SIGIR94 - Call for participation Dublin City University, 3-6 July 1994 Glasnevin, Dublin 9, IRELAND Tel:+353 - 1 - 7045262, Fax: +353 - 1 - 7045442 The 17th International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR'94) takes place at Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland, from 3rd to 7th July, 1994. The full call for participation has just gone to press and may be hitting your in-trays in a couple of weeks. If you can't wait for that, or find you are not on my mailing list, you can get a copy in ASCII or Postscript form by anonymous ftp from ftp.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/sigir/call-for-participation.ps (132k) or .txt (31k). Alternatively, the less-preferred method would be to send me e-mail and I'll send one by return. Here is a condensed version to whet your appetite. Alan F. Smeaton, Dublin City University, SIGIR94 Conferecne Chair SUNDAY, 3 JULY Tutorials A: An Introduction to Information Retrieval Tutors: Peter Willett, Univ. Sheffield. UK and Peter Ingwersen, Royal School of Librarianship, Denmark B: Design and Use of Digital Libraries Tutors: Robert Akscyn, Knowledge Systems, USA and Edward A. Fox, VPI & SU, USA C: Information Retrieval and Databases Tutor: Norbert Fuhr, University of Dortmund, Germany D: Text Encoding and Information Interchange Tutor: Lou Burnard, Oxford University,UK E: Query Formulation Tutor: Efthimis N. Efthimiadis, UCLA, USA F: The Role of Information Retrieval in Future Electronic Newspapers Author: Forbes J. Burkowski, University of Waterloo, Canada G: Data Fusion Tutor: Professor Paul B. Kantor, Rutgers University, USA. H: Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Tutors: E. D. Liddy, Syracuse,USA and D. D. Lewis, AT&T,USA MONDAY, 4 JULY INVITED TALK: What is Information in Information Retrieval ? Denis Tsichritzis, GMD, Germany TEXT CATEGORISATION.. Training Text Classifiers by Uncertainty Sampling. David D. Lewis, William A. Gale, USA Expert Network: Combining Word-based Matching and Human Experiences in Text Categorisation. Yiming Yang, USA Towards Language Independent Automated Learning of Text Categorisation Models. Chidanand Apte, Fred Damerau, Sholom M. Weiss, USA Using IR Techniques for Text Classification in Document Analysis. Rainer Hoch, Germany INDEXING An Evaluation Method for Stemming Algorithms. Chris Paice, UK On the Measurement of Inter-Linker Consistency and Retrieval Effectiveness in Hypertext Databases. David Ellis, Jonathan Furner-Hines, Peter Willett, UK Query Expansion Using Lexical-Semantic Relations. Ellen M. Voorhees, USA PANEL SESSION: Integration of IR and Database Systems. Moderator: Norber Fuhr, University of Dortmund, Germany. Panelists: Ray R. Larson, University of California, Berkeley. Joachim Schmidt, University of Hamburg, Germany Peter Schauble, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Ulrich Thiel, GMD-IPSI, Germany. USER MODELLING Perceptual Speed, Learning and Information Retrieval Performance. Bryce Allen, USA Term Relevance Feedback and Query Expansion: Relation to Design. Amanda Spink, USA Modelling Information Retrieval Agents with Belief Revision. Brian Logan, Steven Reece, Karen Sparck Jones, UK Polyrepresentation of Information Needs and Semantic Entities, Elements of a Cognitive Theory for Information Retrieval Interaction. Peter Ingwersen, Denmark TUESDAY, 5 JULY THEORY AND LOGIC Investigating Aboutness Axioms using Information Fields. P. D. Bruza, T. W. C. Huibers, Australia A Probabilistic Terminological Logic for Modelling Information Retrieval. Fabrizio Sebastiani, Italy INVITED TALK: Beyond Keywords: The case for Natural Language Processing in Extended Information Retrieval Systems. Jamie G. Carbonell, Carnegie Mellon University, USA NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING Retrieving Terms and their Variants in a Lexicalised Unification Based Framework. Christian Jacquemin, Jean Royaute, France Disambiguation and Information Retrieval. Mark Sanderson, Scotland A Full Text Retrieval System with a Dynamic Abstract Generation Function. Seiji Miike, Etsuo Itoh, Kenji Ono, Kazuo Sumita, Japan STATISTICAL MODELS A Document Retrieval Model Based on Term Frequency Ranks. IJsbrand Jan Aalbersberg, USA Automatic Combination of Multiple Ranked Retrieval Systems. Brian T. Bartell, Garrison W. Cottrell, Richard K. Belew, USA Properties of Extensive Boolean Models in Information Retrieval. Joon Ho Lee, Korea PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OHSUMED: An Interactive Retrieval Evaluation and New Large Test Collection for Research. William Hersh, USA Results of Applying Probabilistic IR to OCR Text. Kazem Taghva, Julie Borsack, Allen Condit, USA Natural Language vs. Boolean Query Evaluation: A Comparison of Retrieval Performance. Howard Turtle, USA PROBABILISTIC MODELS Inferring Probability of Relevance Using the Method of Logistic Regression. Fredric C. Gey, USA Some Simple Effective Approximations to the 2-Poisson Model for Probabilistic Weighted Retrieval. S. E. Robertson, S. Walker, UK Triennial ACM SIGIR award presentation and paper. WEDNESDAY, 6 JULY INTERFACES LyberWorld - A Visualization User Interface Supporting Fulltext Retrieval. Matthais Hemmje, Clemens Kunkel, Alexander Willett, Germany A System for Discovering Relationships by Feature Extraction from Text Databases. Jack G. Conrad, Mary Utt, USA. ROUTING Information Filtering Based on User Behaviour Analysis and Best Match Text Retrieval. Masahiro Morita, Yoichi Shinoda, Japan Improving Text Retrieval for the Routing Problem using Latent Semantic Indexing. David Hull, USA The Effect of Adding Relevance Information in a Relevance Feedback Environment. Chris Buckley, Gerard Salton, James Allen, USA PASSAGE RETRIEVAL Passage-Level Evidence in Document Retrieval. James P. Callan, USA Effective Retrieval of Structured Documents. Ross Wilkinson, Australia Document and Passage Retrieval Based on Hidden Markov Models. Elke Mittendorf, Peter Schauble, Switzerland PANEL SESSION: Evaluation of Interactive Retrieval Systems. Moderator: Susan Dumais, Bellore Panelists: Nicholas Belkin, Rutgers University Christine Borgman, UCLA Micheline Hancock-Beaulieu, City University IMPLEMENTATION Synthetic Workload Performance Analysis of Incremental Updates. Kurt Shoens, Anthony Tomasic, Hector Garcia-Molina, USA Document Filtering for Fast Ranking. Micheal Persin, Australia Adapting a Full-text Information Retrieval System to the Computer Troubleshooting Domain. Peter G. Anick, USA Social Events An evening reception will take place on Monday, 4th July and the conference dinner will take place at the Royal Hospital, Kilmainham on Tuesday, 5th July. The conference organisers wish to acknowledge the following organisations, without whose support this conference could not take place: Aer Lingus, Bord Failte (Irish Tourist Board), Commission of the European Communities, IDOMENEUS (ESPRIT Network of Excellence No: 6606), The National Software Directorate (Ireland). Postscript: As we go to press with this call for participation it is likely that the Commission of the European Communities, under the Human Capital and Mobility program, may be able to fund the attendance of a number of young European researchers at SIGIR'94. Such applicants must be 35 years of age or younger on the date of the conference, citizens of a member country of the European Union and working in this field, in Europe. Further details, and an application form which must be returned by 15th May 1994, may be obtained from the conference organisers at Dublin City University, and not the CEC offices. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-265. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-266. Sun 06 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 129 Subject: 5.266 Qs: Lakota, Early English-French, Aramaic, Spanish L2, Rumanian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 21:06:51 -0800 From: Greg Dubs Subject: Lakota 2) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 23:18:21 -0500 (EST) From: V187EF4Y@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Subject: Q: English-early French dictionaries? 3) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 14:34:41 MST From: JO RUBBA Subject: participles 4) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 14:44:05 +0000 (GMT) From: "R.Weinert" Subject: Spanish L2 5) Date: Sun, 06 Mar 94 16:49:06 MEZ From: Martin Haase Subject: Qs: Rumanian spelling reform -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 21:06:51 -0800 From: Greg Dubs Subject: Lakota Does anyone know of a summer immersion course in Lakota? Greg Dubs Genetics Dept Stanford University coyotl@well.sf.ca.us -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 23:18:21 -0500 (EST) From: V187EF4Y@ubvms.cc.buffalo.edu Subject: Q: English-early French dictionaries? I posted this query on sci.lang but no response, so I'll ask here. Are there any dictionaries which give 17th-Century French glosses for modern English words? I'm constructing word-lists of various Iroquoian languages, in some cases using early-contact Jesuit sources written in French. I want to make sure I'm getting the correct words onto my lists. Thanks -Pat Crowe, SUNY at Buffalo v187ef4y@ubvms -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 14:34:41 MST From: JO RUBBA Subject: participles Greetings, I am preparing a research proposal on a large-scale change in the verbal system of Aramaic. Aramaic replaced its original tense/aspect verb stems with participles -- the active participle taking over for the 'imperfective' and the passive for the 'perfective'. My query is: is this a cross-linguistically common change? Please respond to the e-mail address below. If there is interest, I will post a summary to the list. Thanks in advance to anyone who can help me out. Cheers, Jo Rubba The University of Montana jrubba@lewis.umt.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 14:44:05 +0000 (GMT) From: "R.Weinert" Subject: Spanish L2 I would like to draw up a bibliography for the second language acquisition of Spanish, particularly of classroom learning. Any references would be very much appreciated. Thank you. Regina Weinert -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5) Date: Sun, 06 Mar 94 16:49:06 MEZ From: Martin Haase Subject: Qs: Rumanian spelling reform It seems that a spelling reform has recently been introduced in Romania, since I find people writing _c^ant_ ('I sing') and _^in cur^and_ ('soon') instead of _c^int_ and _^in cur^ind_ (as some exile newspapers always used to do). How far does the reform go (i.e. what about words like 'bread', 'tomorrow' for example)? When was it introduced? Please write to me, I'll send a summary to the list if I get interesting results. ------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-266. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-267. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 192 Subject: 5.267 FYI: Information on University of Arizona linguists Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 07:38:11 -0700 From: hammond@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu (Mike Hammond) Subject: info on arizona linguists -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 04 Mar 1994 07:38:11 -0700 From: hammond@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu (Mike Hammond) Subject: info on arizona linguists Everyone: A couple of us were sitting around one day and thought it would be a nice resource for the world if U. of Arizona faculty and graduate students posted their interests and email addresses. In this way, if you're interested in some topic that one of us is interested in or there is some one among us that you'd like to contact, you'd be able to. This is different from the linguist nameserver and the LSA list in that i) we give some indication of our interests here and ii) this is not exclusively members of the LSA. It's our hope that this will spur other groups to provide similar info and that somebody will take it upon themselves to make all such things available. have fun, Mike Hammond & Amy Fountain *** Department of Linguistics University of Arizona department info: linguist@ccit.arizona.edu (This list is not exhaustive and people's interests are as they reported them.) Biographies Faculty Diana Archangeli, PhD MIT 1984, phonology and morphology, esp: feature theory, underspecification, interaction between phonetics & phonology, prosodic morphology, optimality theory. Email: arch@ccit.arizona.edu Andrew Barss, PhD MIT 1986, syntax and semantics, esp: anaphora, scope, and movement; syntactic, semantic processing. Email: barss@ccit.arizona.edu Paul Bloom, PhD MIT 1990, language acquisition, conceptual representation and development, the relationship between language and cognition. Email: bloom@rvax.ccit.arizona.edu Merrill Garrett, PhD Illinois 1965, psycholinguistics, esp: language production; aphasia. Email: garrett@ccit.arizona.edu Michael Hammond, PhD UCLA 1984, phonology, morphology, psycholinguistics, esp: prosody, stress, meter, syllables. Email: hammond@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu Robert M. Harnish, PhD MIT 1972, Specialization in pragmatics: the studyof language use in relation to language structure and context of utterance. Email: harnish@ccit.arizona.edu Jane H. Hill, PhD UCLA 1966. Sociolinguistics of Native American languages, discourse analysis, language and political economy. Email: jhill@anthro.arizona.edu OR janehh@ccit.arizona.edu Eloise Jelinek, PhD Arizona 1981, retired. Syntax; language typology and universals; case and argument structure; quantification; Native American languages. Email: jelineke@ccit.arizona.edu Simin Karimi, PhD University of Washington 1989, syntax and semantics; esp: argument structure and specificity, scope and definiteness, structure of Iranian languages and German. Email: karimi@ccit.arizona.edu D. Terence Langendoen, PhD MIT 1964, Syntactic and semantic analysis; mathematical and computational linguistics; encoding of machine-readable texts; history of linguistics. Email: langendt@arizona.edu Janet Nicol, PhD MIT 1988, language processing (including sentence comprehension and production, speech segmentation, lexical access),language acquisition, neurolinguistics (aphasia, brain responses to language). Email: nicol@ccit.arizona.edu Richard T. Oehrle, PhD MIT 1976, grammatical theory & grammatical architecture; linguistics, logic, and computation; syntax, semantics, prosody. Email: oehrle@ccit.arizona.edu Willem J. de Reuse, Courtesy Faculty, PhD UT-Austin 1988, anthropological and descriptive linguistics, historical linguistics, language contact; Native languages of the Americas, esp.: Siouan, Eskimo-Aleut, Athabaskan. Email: wdereuse@ccit.arizona.edu Susan Steele, PhD University of California, San Diego 1973, Research interests include morphological theory, information-based linguistic theories, American Indian languages (primarily Uto-Aztecan). Email: steele@ccit.arizona.edu Students Yong-Hyung Cho, 3rd year, Ph.D. program in linguistics. Interested in Tone Pattern of KyungNam dialect of Korean. Email: yonghyun@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu Anna Ciszewska-Wilkens, 4th year, theoretical linguistics, esp: GB syntax and Slavic lgs. Email: ania@ccit.arizona.edu Tom Craig, 2nd year, semantics, syntax, computational linguistics, psycholinguistics. Email: tbc@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu or tbc@gas.uug.arizona.edu Dirk Elzinga, 1st year. Phonology. Email: delzinga@ccit.arizona.edu Amy Fountain, 2nd year, joint degree with Anthropology and Linguistics, Native American Languages. Email: fountain@ccit.arizona.edu. Colleen Fitzgerald, 3rd year, phonology, Native American linguistics, esp: meter, morphosyntax and prosody. Email: collfitz@ccit.arizona.edu Andrea Heiberg, 3rd year, phonology. Email: heiberg@ccit.arizona.edu Sunghoon Hong, dissertator, PhD program in linguistics, phonology. phonology. Email: hongsh@ccit.arizona.edu Hisako Ikawa, 3rd year, syntax. Email: hikawa@ccit.arizona.edu. Peg Lewis, 3rd year, syntax-prosody interface, processing, production models. Email: lewispeg@ccit.arizona.edu Jen-i Jelina Li, 3rd year, PhD program in linguistics. Email: lijeni@ccit.arizona.edu Sue Lorenson, 3rd year, major in phonological theory and minor in experimental linguistics, Email: lorenson@ccit.arizona.edu Diane Meador, dissertator, specializing in psycholinguistics and phonology, Email: dmeador@ccit.arizona.edu Young-Gie Min, 3rd year, computational linguistics, esp. anaphora resolution. Email: min@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu Jan Mohammad, 3rd year, Ph.D program in linguistics. Syntax. Email: mnurista@ccit.arizona.edu Melissa Niswonger, 1st year. Email: mniswon@ccit.arizona.edu Diane Ohala, dissertator, phonological acquisition, Email: dohala@ccit.arizona.edu, dohala@convx1.ccit.arizona.edu Sachiko Ohno, 1st year. Email: sohno@ccit.arizona.edu. Patricia Perez, dissertator, phonology & psycholinguistics, prosody & meter. Email: patep@ccit.arizona.edu Chang-Kook Suh, dissertator, phonology, esp: rule interaction and optimization. Email: cksuhlin@ccit.arizona.edu Keiichiro Suzuki, 2nd year, Email: suzuki@ccit.arizona.edu Shensheng Zhu, 3rd year, major interests: syntax and semantics, Email: szhu@ccit.arizona.edu there are more.... -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-267. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-268. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 150 Subject: 5.268 Jobs: Institute for Communications Studies - University of Leeds Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:04:20 GMT From: "Simeon J. Yates" Subject: Job Advertisements.... -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 28 Feb 1994 17:04:20 GMT From: "Simeon J. Yates" Subject: Job Advertisements.... The following posts are presently being advertised by the Institute for Communications Studies, University of Leeds, England. E-mail enquiries should be sent to: OFFICE@ICS_SERVER.NOVELL.LEEDS.AC.UK 1] Lecturer in Communication Arts Applications are invited for the post of Lecturer in Communication Arts in the Institute of Communications Studies. The successful applicant will be expected to make contributions to the full range of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and supervision, and in particular to be responsible for the teaching of a second year core course, Communications Arts, and a third year Option, Film Theory and Aesthetics, in the BA in Communications, and for developing a course in his or her area of specialism in the MA in Communications. We are looking for a person with a first degree in Literature, of English or another language, or Art History, or Film or Media Studies and with a PhD or equivalent based on research involving elements of critical theories, narrative structures, codes and structures of visual and audio visual texts. A commitment to teaching, research and publication is essential. Teaching experience would be an advantage. The appointment will be made as from September 1994, or possibly sooner, at a point on the Lecturer scale Grade 1 appropriate to age and experience. In the case of an exceptionally well qualified candidate appointment at Grade 2 might be considered. Application forms and further information may be obtained from The Personnel Office (Academic Section), The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, quoting ref. no 55/4 2] Lecturer in Social Communications Applications are invited for the post of Lecturer in Social Communications in the Institute of Communications Studies. The successful applicant will be expected to make contributions to the full range of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and supervision, and in particular to be responsible for the teaching of a second year core course, Social Communications - Processes and Effects, and a third year Option, Communications Theory, in the BA in Communications; and for developing a course in his or her area of specialism in the MA or MSc in Communications Studies. We are looking for a person with a first degree in Sociology, Social Studies or Media/Communications Studies and with a PhD or equivalent, based on research involving the application of social science methodology to communications media or systems. A commitment to teaching, research and publication is essential. Teaching experience would be an advantage. The appointment will be made be as from September 1994, or possibly sooner, at a point on the Lecturer scale Grade 1 appropriate to age and experience. In the case of an exceptionally well qualified candidate appointment at Grade 2 might be considered. Application forms and further information may be obtained from The Personnel Office (Academic Section), The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, quoting ref. 55/5 3] Lecturer in Communications Technology Applications are invited for the post of Lecturer in Communications Technology in the Institute of Communications Studies. The successful applicant will be expected to make contributions to the full range of undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and supervision, and in particular to be responsible for the teaching of a second year core course, Communications Sciences and Technologies, and a third year Option, Trends and Issues in Emerging Communications Technologies, in the BA in Communications, and for developing a course in his or her area of specialism in the MA or MSc in Communications Studies. We are looking for a person with a first degree in Electronic Engineering or another germane subject and with a PhD or equivalent, possibly in a subject involving consideration of the applications or effects of communications technology. A commitment to teaching, research and publication is essential. Teaching experience and/or industry experience would be an advantage. The appointment will be made be as from September 1994, or possibly sooner, at a point on the Lecturer scale Grade 1 appropriate to age and experience. In the case of an exceptionally well qualified candidate appointment at Grade 2 might be considered. Application forms and further information may be obtained from The Personnel Office (Academic Section), The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, quoting ref. 55/6 Dr. Simeon J. Yates Institute of Communications Studies University of Leeds Leeds West Yorkshire LS2 9JT Phone: +44 532 335806 United Kingdom Fax: +44 532 335808 E-mail: SIMEON@ICS-SERVER.NOVELL.LEEDS.AC.UK -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-268. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-269. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 108 Subject: 5.269 Qs: Wallon, Minangkabau, Immigrant workers, Korean-French/Eng Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 22:55:02 -0800 (PST) From: !!!!!!! Subject: Wallon, Walloon in Belgium. (fwd) 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 19:41:30 SST From: David Gil Subject: QUERY: MINANGKABAU 3) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:33:44 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Immigrant worker language 4) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 21:08:25 EST From: Yim S. S. Subject: Korean-French/English translation software -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 22:55:02 -0800 (PST) From: !!!!!!! Subject: Wallon, Walloon in Belgium. (fwd) Does anyone know where there is any information about Wallon (Wallon) language spoken in French-speaking Belgium? Any info on the net or in print (in French or English) would be great as well as place to find writing samples, etc. Justin Renquist justinr@netcom.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 19:41:30 SST From: David Gil Subject: QUERY: MINANGKABAU Is anybody familiar with citations, description and/or analysis of data from Minangkabau (an Austronesian language, closely related to Malay/Indonesian, spoken primarily in West Sumatra, Indonesia)? Any references whatsoever would be gratefully appreciated. And if these are obscure, I would also happily reimburse xeroxing and postage for the materials themselves. Thanks, David Gil National University of Singapore ellgild@nusvm.bitnet -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:33:44 +0700 (GMT+0700) From: Gwyn Williams Subject: Immigrant worker language A colleague is interested to undertake research on the language of (Thai) immigrant workers. Can anyone suggest relevant research and literature of immigrant worker language and language learning? Just to make a start. Many thanks. Gwyn Williams Department of Linguistics Thammasat University Bangkok -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 21:08:25 EST From: Yim S. S. Subject: Korean-French/English translation software I will greatly appreciate any information about: - Korean-French/English translation software - Korean natural language processing research Hearty thanks in advance. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-269. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-270. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 126 Subject: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 13:12:52 EST From: sowa Subject: Re: 5.255 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 12:27:43 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: 'Mainstream' linguistics and jobs -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 94 13:12:52 EST From: sowa Subject: Re: 5.255 Mainstream Linguistics Martin Haspelmath writes > What I find more interesting is the question why there should be such a > mainstream-periphery division in linguistics at all. Does it exist in all > fields? Or is this specific to linguistics? A priori, a field could be > divided sociologically in all sorts of ways -- there could be two major > and equally respected schools (as in American party politics), or there > could be numerous small schools, with none of them having a clear leading > role (as in the present Russian parliament). In fact, linguistics seems to > be organized in the way Mexican politics is. Why? About ten years ago, I read an interview with Eugene Wigner, one of the grand old men of physics. It was a fascinating discussion, which I regret not having copied or at least written down the citation. As I recall, it was in either Discover Magazine or Physics Today, about 10 years ago. The interviewer mentioned that in physics, it was common for people to do their most brilliant work before the age of 30, and many physicists reach a period of "burn out" when they fail to make any significant new contributions to the field. However, Wigner continued to publish a steady stream of important, creative new contributions, even at a rather advanced age when most physicists have already retired. He asked Wigner how it was possible for him to retain that creative vitality. Wigner replied that his new contributions were largely the application and further development of lines of thought that he had been pursuing for 50 years or more. Whatever freshness and vitality his new papers may have had was the result of applying old ideas to new territory where they hadn't previously been tested. As a result of constantly looking into new topics, he was able to find something new to say. But the most important point that I found in Wigner's comments was his claim that he was very careful to avoid criticizing new developments by younger colleagues. He said that there were many new areas of physics in which he was not an expert, and he could not properly evaluate the new directions that the younger physicists were taking. Yet because of his great reputation, anything negative he might say could easily be given far more credence than it was worth. The contrast between Wigner's attitude and Chomsky's, I believe, goes very far towards explaining the unproductive polemics and partisanship in linguistics today. Chomsky established his reputation by his brilliant contributions in the 1950s and '60s. Since the early '70s, Chomsky has continued to make important positive contributions to linguistics. Unfortunately, his polemics and virulent attacks on younger colleagues have had a disastrous effect on the progress of linguistics and related areas of cognitive science. Drawing a lesson from Wigner, I would claim that someone of Chomsky's stature should avoid attacking or even making negative comments about younger colleagues or their ideas. Linguistics has no shortage of young professors who are very capable of attacking one another. Chomsky should take the elder statesman route of making positive contributions in areas where he is undoubtedly competent and avoiding negative attacks on people and ideas that he does not understand (even when he thinks he does). John Sowa -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 12:27:43 +0100 (cedt) From: Steven Schaufele Subject: 'Mainstream' linguistics and jobs Martin Haspelmath (LINGUIST 5-255) remarks: > (The fact that non-mainstream linguists have fewer job chances can be seen > from the fact that many job announcements now include descriptions such as > "formal syntax", "formal semantics", etc. What do you do if you belong to > the non-negligible minority of linguists who happen to believe that > mainstream formal approaches to linguistics are misguided? (e.g. if you > think that the fuzzy approaches to grammar that were highlighted in a > recent LINGUIST posting are on the right track) By contrast, I haven't > seen a job announcement for fuzzy syntax or cognitive semantics yet.) Shouldn't it be possible for a scholar to get a job in 'formal syntax' who has a wide familiarity with formal syntactic approaches but views them critically? This is what i've tried to do in applying for jobs whose adverts include the phrase 'formal syntax'. Granted, i haven't yet landed such a job, but it does seem to me that an open-minded but critical perspective on any theoretical field would in principle be desirable to an academic faculty. Sincerely, Steven -- Dr. Steven Schaufele fcosws@nytud.hu Room 119 Research Institute for Linguistics (Department of Theoretical Linguistics) Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Eotvos Lorand University) P. O. Box 19 1250 Budapest Hungary *** O syntagmata linguarum liberemini humanarum! *** *** Nihil vestris privari nisi obicibus potestis! *** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-270. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-271. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 124 Subject: 5.271 Calls: KONVENS 94 Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 19:19:40 +0100 From: Ernst Buchberger Subject: 2nd CfP KONVENS 94 -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 1994 19:19:40 +0100 From: Ernst Buchberger Subject: 2nd CfP KONVENS 94 ******************************************************************************** 2nd C A L L F O R P A P E R S K O N V E N S 9 4 2.Konferenz "Verarbeitung natuerlicher Sprache" 2nd Conference for Natural Language Processing 28.-30. September 1994 University of Vienna, Austria *______________________________________________________________________________* O r g a n i z e r : OeGAI - Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fuer Artificial Intelligence DGfS - Deutsche Gesellschaft f. Sprachwissenschaft/Sektion Computerlinguistik GI - Gesellschaft fuer Informatik, FA 1.3 "Natuerliche Sprache" GLDV - Gesellschaft fuer linguistische Datenverarbeitung ITG/DEGA - Informationstechnische Gesellschaft/Deutsche Gesellschaft f. Akustik *______________________________________________________________________________* C h a i r m a n : Harald Trost, Universitaet Wien P r o g r a m C o m m i t t e e : Peter Bosch, IBM Deutschland, WHZ Michael Herweg, IBM Deutschland, WHZ Ernst Buchberger, OeFAI Wien Ruediger Hoffmann, TU Dresden Guenther Goerz, Univ. Erlangen-Nuernberg Markus Kommenda, TU Wien Johann Haller, IAI und Univ.d.Saarlandes Erwin Paulus, TU Braunschweig Erhard Hinrichs, Universitaet Tuebingen Burkhart Rieger, Universitaet Trier *______________________________________________________________________________* I n v i t e d T a l k s : Bran Boguraev, Apple, USA Hermann Ney, RWTH Aachen *______________________________________________________________________________* The scientific societies DGfS, GI, GLDV, ITG/DEGA and OeGAI jointly organize a biannual conference for natural language processing. The next conference, KONVENS-94, will be held in Vienna, Austria, from September 28th to 30th. KONVENS aims to provide a representative picture of current research activities from all subfields of natural language processing. To achieve this goal the participation of researches from all relevant disciplines like computer science, artificial intelligence, linguistics, philosophy, psychology and electrical engineering is encouraged. We expect contributions about topics from basic as well as applied research and innovative applications. For every KONVENS a special topic is chosen. For KONVENS-94 this will be T h e l e x i c o n i n n a t u r a l l a n g u a g e p r o c e s s i n g The invited lectures and the tutorials preceeding the main conference will relate to the special topic. Contributions, poster contributions and system demos to all aspects of natural language processing are invited. *______________________________________________________________________________* T u t o r i a l s : On the day preceding the scientific program two full-day tutorials will be held. Admission is included in the conference fee. Tutorial 1: Dafydd Gibbon (Univ. Bielefeld) - The Design of Integrated Lexica Tutorial 2: NN - An Introduction to Speech Processing *______________________________________________________________________________* S u b m i s s i o n o f p a p e r s - Contributions not exceeding 10 pages (A4, Times, 12point) must be submitted in 5 copies to the conference chair. - Poster contributions not exceeding 4 pages must be submitted in 5 copies to conference chair. Please indicate the space needed for display! - For system demonstrations submit title and a short description. Plese specify the hard- and software requirements. - All submissions must contain the names of all authors and the address of the author who acts as contact person. - All submissions must contain an abstract in English a n d German not exceeding 12 lines. - Conference languages are G e r m a n and E n g l i s h. - Contributions are refereed by at least two independent referees who are selected by the program committee. - Proceedings containing all accepted contributions are published by Springer and will be available at the conference. *______________________________________________________________________________* D e a d l i n e s 15.4.94 - S u b m i s s i o n of contributions and poster contributions 15.6.94 - Information about acceptance 15.7.94 - Camera-ready copies for proceedings due 15.7.94 - Submission of system demonstrations *______________________________________________________________________________* Conference secretariat: Conference chair: Mag.Gerda Helscher Ass.Prof.Dr.Harald Trost Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fuer Institut fuer Med.Kybernetik und Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Postfach 177 Freyung 6 A-1014 Wien, Oesterreich A-1010 Wien, Oesterreich e-mail: sec@ai.univie.ac.at harald@ai.univie.ac.at Tel.: +43-1-535 32 81 0 +43-1-535 32 81 0 Fax: +43-1-532 06 52 ******************************************************************************** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-271. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-272. Mon 07 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 204 Subject: 5.272 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:15:41 +0100 From: Steve Berman Subject: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 07:54 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics 3) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 12:54:31 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 11:43:34 -0500 (EST) From: Bernhard Rohrbacher Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:15:41 +0100 From: Steve Berman Subject: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics John Sowa writes: Chomsky established his reputation by his brilliant contributions in the 1950s and '60s. Since the early '70s, Chomsky has continued to make important positive contributions to linguistics. Unfortunately, his polemics and virulent attacks on younger colleagues have had a disastrous effect on the progress of linguistics and related areas of cognitive science. Can he provide citations of "virulent attacks on younger colleagues" by Chomsky? --Steve -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 07:54 PST From: Vicki Fromkin Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics I find John Sowa's comments re Wigner very interesting and important but his comments on Chomsky very wrong. I have been listening to Chomsky (since 1963 -- when I first heard him speak at the Amer. Psych Assoc) and have been reading him since I entered graduate studies in lx in 1962. He is very supportive of young scholars and always has been and is not one to attack the 'opposition'. He may ignore what others say but that is different. In face-to-face debate he of course gives his opinions and states his differences and can be very sharp in doing so. In fact, one of the constant criticisms of him is that he doesn't deal with the opposition and they then feel he underestimates them because he ignores them. But he speaks and writes about what is of interest to him. I say this not as a "formalist" ( really hate that term since theories in science are formal by their very need to be explicit and testable) since my research would probably be considered 'peripheral' in the sense used in the message which opened this discussion. I have heard much greater attacks on Chomsky and on 'formal' linguistics by those in the 'non-formal camp, including the suggestion that Chomsky and his supporters are "polemical in their virulent attacks" on the opposition. This is a myth. Like many of the myths that continue to abound in lx concerning Chomsky. It would be interesting just to look at the last number of years in tHE LINGUIST LIST to see where the polemics have come from (such as the one below). I would bet there are few if any polemics from the formal side and lots from the other side. As I have written previously, it seems to me that there are lots of important substantive issues of disagreement which need airing and should be aired. Let's stop perpetuating inter-displinary (which go out side too often) views which have no reality. If there is a call for 'formal' syntacticians etc it must be that even among those who do not fall in that camp there is the perhaps unspoken agreement that students in any department need to learn of what is still the dominant if not the majority theoretical position in our field. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 12:54:31 -0500 (EST) From: 00hfstahlke@leo.bsuvc.bsu.edu Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics >Martin Haspelmath writes > >> What I find more interesting is the question why there should be such a >> mainstream-periphery division in linguistics at all. Does it exist in all >> fields? Or is this specific to linguistics? A priori, a field could be >> divided sociologically in all sorts of ways -- there could be two major >> and equally respected schools (as in American party politics), or there >> could be numerous small schools, with none of them having a clear leading >> role (as in the present Russian parliament). In fact, linguistics seems to >> be organized in the way Mexican politics is. Why? > Add to that the fact that we are a notoriously contentious lot, to the extent that most of us can think of respected colleagues who have turned their attention elsewhere because they got tired of the conflict of orthodoxies when all they wanted to do was science. In this way, we look a little like the creationist party arguing with people doing real science, not about matters of substance but about what, from their perspective, is or is not science. >Martin Haspelmath (LINGUIST 5-255) remarks: > >> (The fact that non-mainstream linguists have fewer job chances can be seen >> from the fact that many job announcements now include descriptions such as >> "formal syntax", "formal semantics", etc. What do you do if you belong to >> the non-negligible minority of linguists who happen to believe that >> mainstream formal approaches to linguistics are misguided? (e.g. if you >> think that the fuzzy approaches to grammar that were highlighted in a >> recent LINGUIST posting are on the right track) By contrast, I haven't >> seen a job announcement for fuzzy syntax or cognitive semantics yet.) > Steve Schaufele writes: >Shouldn't it be possible for a scholar to get a job in 'formal syntax' who has >a wide familiarity with formal syntactic approaches but views them critically? > This is what i've tried to do in applying for jobs whose adverts include the >phrase 'formal syntax'. Granted, i haven't yet landed such a job, but it does >seem to me that an open-minded but critical perspective on any theoretical >field would in principle be desirable to an academic faculty. > I think a term like "formal syntax" sometimes gets into a job announcement as a way of saying "formal syntax of a particular stripe." There have been some impressive contributions to formal syntax that won't "land such a job" because they are out of the mainstream tradition. Names like Montague, Harris, Gazdar, Postal, and Huddleston come immediately to mind. But the meaning of "formal syntax" defaults to GB, not MG, TG, GPSG, APG, or DG. Herb Stahlke -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 11:43:34 -0500 (EST) From: Bernhard Rohrbacher Subject: Re: 5.270 Mainstream Linguistics Just for the record: GB-Linguistics does not constitute the "Mainstream of Linguistics" - on the contrary, GB-Linguists are a minority, especially outside the US and the Netherlands. Accordingly, jobs for GBers are exceedingly rare, and many institutions might as well have "People working within the Principles and Parameters framework need not apply" sign on their doors. More importantly, I find the following passage insulting and downright nasty. > Drawing a lesson from Wigner, I would claim that someone of Chomsky's > stature should avoid attacking or even making negative comments about > younger colleagues or their ideas. Linguistics has no shortage of young > professors who are very capable of attacking one another. Chomsky should > take the elder statesman route of making positive contributions in areas > where he is undoubtedly competent and avoiding negative attacks on > people and ideas that he does not understand (even when he thinks he does). This distinction between 'positive contributions' and 'negative comments/attacks' is of course absurd. Virtually all work in linguistics (and I suspect science in general) arises out of opposition against previous work. Typically, a paper starts out like this: "In his 1993 article "The Antisymmetry of Syntax", Richard Kayne proposes an SVO analysis for German. In this paper, I show that this analysis cannot explain important syntactic differences between German and Yiddish that are straightforward under the traditional SOV analysis..." Admonishing Chomsky not to engage in this perfectly normal aspect of scientific discourse amounts to an attempt to seriously limit his ability to function as a linguist. In essence, what is being said here is "it's time to retire, buddy". Given Chomsky's recent 'positive contributions' (e.g. the minimalist program), such a recommendation is not only personally insulting, but moreover to the detriment of the field. Finally, if the author thinks that Chomsky engages in "negative attacks on people and ideas that he does not understand (even when he thinks he does)", he should give at least one measly example - as it stands, the statement is nothing but an unfounded ad hominem attack. By the way: The only way to make sure that one does not attack 'ideas that he/she does not understand (even when he/she thinks he/she does)' is to never utter another word. Alas, I have the suspicion that this is exactly what the author wants in the case of Noam Chomsky. Freundschaft! Bernhard Rohrbacher Institute for Research in Cognitive Science 3401 Walnut Street, Suite 400C Philadelphia, PA 19104 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-272. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-273. Tue 08 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 207 Subject: 5.273 Sum: French language corpora Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 14:50 GMT From: RMS3@VMS.BRIGHTON.AC.UK Subject: Sum: French language corpora -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 14:50 GMT From: RMS3@VMS.BRIGHTON.AC.UK Subject: Sum: French language corpora Here is some information about computerized French language corpora. Heartfelt thanks to all who responded. Allow 4 to 5 pages to print out this information. The headings are: 1. The Canadian Hansard Corpus 2. The ACL initiative/ more on Hansard 3. The ARTFL database at Chicago University 4. More information abou t Hansard and ARTFL 5. The Hachette / OUP corpus 6. The Oxford Text Archive 7. Mike Scott at Liverpool University 8. Le Monde on CD-ROM Please send me corrections and additions. Raphael Salkie, The Language Centre, University of Brighton, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PH England Tel: (0273) 643335 (direct line); (0273) 643337 (Language Centre Office). Fax: (0273) 690710 Email: RMS3@UK.AC.BRIGHTON.VMS ............................................................................... . 1. The Canadian Hansard Corpus Source: Bruno Maximilian Schulze: "How about the Hansard Corpus, which is an (sentence) aligned parallel corpus (French and English) containing debates of the Canadian parliament (total 50 million words)? The Hansard Corpus is available from the ACL/DCI (Association for Computational Linguistics Data Collection Initiative). You can probably contact : Mark Liberman Department of Linguistics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 email: myl@unagi.cis.upenn.edu " 2. The ACL initiative/ more on Hansard Source: Louisa Sadler The Association for Computational Linguistics has a project to compile a multilingual corpus. Information from: Susan Armstrong-Warwick , who writes: "We are in the final stages - the data should go to LDC end of this week to prepare for pressing the CD-ROM - we have 100 million words in over 20 languages and including parallel versions from banks and international organizations. The hansard corpus is distributed by LDC - contact them." I replied asking what LDC is - no response yet. 3. The ARTFL database at Chicago University Sources: Stavros Macrakis Angus B. Grieve-Smith: grvsmth@uchicago.edu "ARTFL A Textual Database 2000 Texts 17th-20th Centuries Literature, Philosophy, Arts, Sciences... A Cooperative Project: Centre National de la The University Recherche Scientifique of Chicago At present the corpus consists of nearly 2000 texts, ranging from classic works of French literature to various kinds of non-fiction prose and technical writing. The eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries are about equally represented, with a smaller selection of seventeenth-century texts as well as some medieval and Renaissance texts. Genres include novels, verse, journalism, essays, correspondence, and treatises. Subjects include literary criticism, biology, history, economics, and philosophy. In most cases standard scholarly editions were used in converting the text into machine-readable form, and the data include page references to these editions. The ARTFL Project is supported by a full-time staff at the University of Chicago. We encourage you to write or call us with any questions you may have about the project - the availability of texts, operation of the system, the costs of using the database. The ARTFL Project American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language Department of Romance Languages and Literatures University of Chicago 1050 East 59th Street Chicago Illinois 60637 (312) 702-8488 electronic mail: mark@gide.uchicago.edu " Access is on a subscription basis. A college buys the right to access the database online for a year. Subscriptions to Chicago are not available in Europe. 4. More information abou t Hansard and ARTFL Source: Jane Edwards "I give information regarding the ARTFL and the Hansard Corpus in my survey of corpora, which is available in compressed form via anonymous ftp from cogsci.berkeley.edu in the pub directory, as "CorpusSurvey.Z". If you have difficulty obtaining it, let me know and I'll be happy to email it to you. It is available in hardcopy in the book "Talking Data: Transcription and Coding in Discourse Research" edited by myself and Martin Lampert (1993)." 5. The Hachette / OUP corpus Source: Mark Gide of ARTFL (email address under [3]): "INaLF Hachette CD-ROM It is about 300 texts with software for PC systems. M. Alain Pierrot Hachette Education 79, boul. Saint Germain 75006 Paris FRANCE Discotext 1 The product is called Dicsotext1 I believe." The Oxford-Hachette French Dictionary will be launched in April 1994. It is based in part on this corpus. Information from: Ivan Asquith, Oxford University Press, Walton St., Oxford, OX2 6DP England. Tel: +44 (0)865 56767; Fax: +44 (0)865 56646. OUP are holding a conference to coincide with the launch, where lexicographers will talk about how the corpus was used. The conference is free, including accommodation and food in Oxford - you just pay for travel (am I the only one who has uneasy feelings about this kind of freebee by a commercial organisation?). 6. The Oxford Text Archive A collection of machine-readable texts in many languages. Some of the texts have unrestricted access, others have copyright restrictions imposed by the people who deposited them in the archive. FTP or orders by email can be used to obtain files, once you have registered with the OTA. Information from: Oxford Text Archive email: archive@ox.ac.uk Oxford University Computing Services tel: +44 865 273238 13 Banbury Road, Oxford OX2 6NN, UK fax: +44 865 273275 7. Mike Scott -- AELSU, English, Un. of Liverpool "I have a stock of Portuguese (about 400,000 wrds) and a 4.2 million word corpus from the Guardian newspaper. I also have some small amounts of French but want more! I'd be prepared to swap with others who want text (clean ASCII is my preference, untagged). I am engaged with researchers in Birmingham & Brazil in setting up a corpus in Portuguese and English." 8. Le Monde on CD-ROM The French newspaper Le Monde is available on CD-ROM. The UK distributor is: Research Publications International, PO Box 45, Reading, Berkshire, RG1 8HF, England. Tel: +44 (0)734 583247; Fax: +44 (0)734 394334. The same company has a French office, c/0 Office Central de Documentation, 33 rue Linne (that's e acute), 75005 France. Tel +33 1 43 37 66 11; Fax +33 1 45 35 72 04. The US office is at 12 Lunar Drive/Drawer AB, Woodbridge, CT 06535. Tel: (203) 397 2600; Fax: (203) 397 3893. This is a commercial company who mainly publish patent and business information on CD-rom. They also supply CD-ROMs of the Times and Sunday Times, the Jerusalem Post, and biographical and bibliographical info on contemporary authors. Le Monde on CD-ROM costs in the UK 695 pounds per year, or 495 pounds if your University also take the microfilm, or 245 pounds for schools. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-273. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-274. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 143 Subject: 5.274 Qs: Nary, Survey, Jakobson quotation, Morph causativization Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:10:24 +22305025 (CST) From: swalton@whale.st.usm.edu (Shana Walton) Subject: "nary a one" usage 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 21:45:38 -0800 From: panther@axposf.pa.dec.com Subject: Grammar Survey 3) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 11:09:26 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Jakobson quotation 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:24:46 -0800 From: pmfarrell@ucdavis.edu Subject: Query: morphological causativization -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:10:24 +22305025 (CST) From: swalton@whale.st.usm.edu (Shana Walton) Subject: "nary a one" usage This week I came across a usage that I've heard all my life, but I've never had to spell before. I'm assuming it's a contraction of the longer form "nary a one," and it's pronounced /nErn/ (well, actually there's a retroflex schwa in there after that front mid lax vowel, not an /r/, but I don't have an IPA font on this.) Sample usage: "I had been to Camp Shelby and tried to get a job and I didn't get nar'n." I didn't know how to look it up, but I did look up "nary" in the OED and it said that "nary" was an American version of "ne'er a," but is now more common outside of the U.S. Does that mean it should be spelled "ne'er'n"? The most common way I remember hearing this growing up is: "tweren't nar'n." Another person told me that he had always heard it "nar'n a one." What do other people know about this usage? Is it confined to the South in the U.S.? Any spelling ideas? Thanks, Shana Walton Mississippi Oral History Program University of Southern Mississippi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 94 21:45:38 -0800 From: panther@axposf.pa.dec.com Subject: Grammar Survey Salutations esteemed language professsionals! I am a MATESOL student in need of your copious knowledge. Please, would you be so kind as to share it by answering the following grammar survey questions. Please respond to panther@axposf.pa.dec.com or eatkins@wsu.bitnet by Wednesday the 9th of March. The results of the grammar survey will be compiled and e-mailed or posted to anyone that wants them and will be made available for archiving. 1) How is grammar(s) being used today in the ESL/EFL classroom? 2) Which grammar(s) is being used? 3) What role does grammar play in the ESL/EFL? 4) What type of training in grammar is an ESL/EFL teacher getting these days? 5) What grammar(s) have you personally found to be most effective in the ESL/EFL classroom? Expound at will. Eternally grateful, and forever in academic bondage. Elizabeth panther@axposf.pa.dec.com And eatkins@wsu.bitnet ------- End of Forwarded Message -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 07 Mar 1994 11:09:26 -0500 (EST) From: MARC PICARD Subject: Jakobson quotation I'd like to know a couple of things concerning the following quotation from Roman Jakobson: "To my knowledge,no language adds to the pair /t/-/d/ a voiced aspirate /dh/ without having its voiceless counterpart /th/...; therefore theories operating with the three phonemes /t/-/d/-/dh/ in Proto-Indo-European must reconsider the question of their phonemic essence". Can somebody tell me whether this was originally written in 1957 or 1958 - I've seen references to both - and on what page(s) it appears? Marc Picard picard@vax2.concordia.ca -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 13:24:46 -0800 From: pmfarrell@ucdavis.edu Subject: Query: morphological causativization In a paper in preparation I want to make the claim that morphological causativization cross-linguistically always yields interpretation (a) and never interpretation (b). The boy sings. The girl CAUSE-sings the boy. a. 'The girl acts on the boy in such a way that he sings.' b. *'The girl acts on the boy in such a way that she sings.' If anyone knows of counterexamples to this claim or other work in which this claim is discussed, please let me know by email. I will post a summary if the response so warrants. Patrick Farrell pmfarrell@ucdavis.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-274. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-275. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.275 Qs: French parser, Rhyming dictionary, Bengali, Students Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace REMINDER [We'd like to remind readers that the responses to queries are usually best posted to the individual asking the question. That individual is then strongly encouraged to post a summary to the list. This policy was instituted to help control the huge volume of mail on LINGUIST; so we would appreciate your cooperating with it whenever it seems appropriate.] -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 20:20:37 -0500 From: Dan Melamed Subject: Does anyone know of a parser for French ? 2) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 14:09:20 -0500 From: Debra Burhans Subject: rhyming dictionary 3) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 12:28:52 CST From: "Henk Wolf" Subject: Bengali, native speaker 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 15:42:06 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Q: Student Linguistics Associations -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 20:20:37 -0500 From: Dan Melamed Subject: Does anyone know of a parser for French ? I'm looking for a parser for French text, to be used in a corpus-based computational-linguistics project. Any kind of syntactic analysis, whether it's traditional (transformational grammar), Xbar-based, or some other kind would be useful. The only real requirement is that the parser doesn't crash no matter what the input. The parser will be used for research purposes only. Any pointers or suggestions would be greatly appreciated. Please respond directly to me, and I will post a summary if there's interest. Thanks in advance. Dan Melamed melamed@linc.cis.upenn.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 6 Mar 1994 14:09:20 -0500 From: Debra Burhans Subject: rhyming dictionary I am interested in getting information about 2 things: 1. Does anyone know of any on-line rhyming dictionaries 2. Does anyone know of any automatic verse-writing programs Please send replies to burhans@cs.buffalo.edu and I will post a compilation of replies. Thank you Debbie Burhans -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 12:28:52 CST From: "Henk Wolf" Subject: Bengali, native speaker Hi! I'm looking for a native speaker of Bengali, if possible a linguist, who can help me out with some grammaticality judgements. It is not going to take long. Thanks! Henk H.A.Y.Wolf@stud.let.ruu.nl -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 15:42:06 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Q: Student Linguistics Associations We here at UT Arlington are hoping to put together a student linguistics association. In doing so, we'd like to get an idea of how such groups at other schools are organized. We'd also like to find out what types of functions such groups perform (from sending reps to faculty meetings to organizing student conferences, etc.). If anybody on the list would be willing/able to send us copies of organizational documents (constitutions, statements of purpose, etc.) for linguistics groups at other institutions, we'd certainly appreciate it. Send info to: david@ling.uta.edu or David Silva Prog in Ling UTA -- Box 19559 Arlington, TX 76019-0559 Many thanks. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-275. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-276. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 162 Subject: 5.276 Confs: African Ling Conference, Summer School on Comp.Ling. Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 20:20:10 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: African Linguistics Conference 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 08:02:08 GMT From: Nicolas Nicolov Subject: Summer School on Comp.Ling. -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 20:20:10 EST From: prince@ruccs.rutgers.edu (Alan Prince) Subject: African Linguistics Conference The 25th meeting of the ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON AFRICAN LINGUISTICS (ACAL) will take place at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, New Jersey) from Friday March 25 to Sunday March 27, 1994. There will be over 100 papers presented in the areas of syntax, phonology, lexicon, language planning, historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, language acquisition, pidgins and creoles, language and gender, and literature. In addition, there will be 3 plenary sessions, with papers given by Ayo Bamgbose, Joan Bresnan, and Florence Delphyne. Friday's meetings will take place at the Hyatt-Regency (New Brunswick). Saturday and Sunday's will take place on the Rutgers Campus in New Brunswick, at Scott Hall (College Avenue). Each day begins at 9:00 AM with a plenary sessions. On Saturday and Sunday, the plenary sessions will take place at Voorhees 105 on the Rutgers Campus. *For further information, email Akin Akinlabi at ACAL25@zodiac.rutgers.edu. ------------------------------------------- ACAL-25 is sponsored by the Office of the Vice President for Academic Affairs, the Office of the Provost, the Faculty of Arts & Sciences Dean's Office, The Livingston College Student Center, and the Linguistics Department of Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 08:02:08 GMT From: Nicolas Nicolov Subject: Summer School on Comp.Ling. *PLEASE POST* Advance Announcement International Summer School "CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS" ____________________________________________________________________ 1 - 5 Sept 1994 Varna, Black Sea Coast, BULGARIA Sponsored by: European Association for Machine Translation and ECCAI-European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence Dates: 1 - 5 Sept 1994, (arrival 31 August, departure 6 September) Location: near Varna, Black Sea Coast, Bulgaria The exact location of the Summer School will be given in the second announcement. Who should attend: The school is intended mainly for university students and young researchers, but will offer both introductory and advanced courses. Those who would like to extend their stay in Bulgaria can join the Bulgarian National seminar on Mathematical and Computational Linguistics which will take place from the 4th to the 10th of September 1994 at the same place. PRELIMINARY PROGRAMME: (three or four more courses will be added) Margaret King (ISSCO, University of Geneva, Switzerland) Evaluation of Machine Translation Systems Sergei Nirenburg (Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA) Latest Developments in Machine Translation Pieter Seuren (University of Nijmegen, Netherlands) Introduction to Semantic Syntax Wolfgang Wahlster (DFKI, Saarbruecken, Germany) Multilingual Natural Language Interfaces Rodolfo Delmonte (University of Venice, Italy) Discourse Structure and Reference resolution Manfred Kudlek (University Hamburg, Germany) Models for Time, Tense and Aspect in Natural Languages Carlos Martin-Vide (Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain) Mathematical Linguistics: Its relevance for Computational Linguistics and Cognitive Science ORGANISERS: R.Mitkov Institute of Mathematics BULGARIA M.Zock LIMSI, Orsay FRANCE M.Kudlek University of Hamburg GERMANY N.Nikolov Incoma-TD Co, Ltd, Shumen BULGARIA COSTS: in the second announcement. FURTHER INFORMATION: People wishing to participate should contact one of the people mentioned below. Please use the attached registration form. Ruslan Mitkov E-mail: ruslan@cslab.kaist.ac.kr Nicolas Nicolov E-mail: nicolas@aisb.edinburgh.ac.uk Nikolai Nikolov Tel: +359-54 56948 Fax: +359-54 56881 ____________________________________________________________________ REGISTRATION REPLY FORM: International Summer School "CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS" Name: (Last)_________________________ (First)_______________________ Affiliation:________________________________________________________ Address:____________________________________________________________ Country:_____________________________ Phone:_______________________________ Fax :_______________________________ Email:_______________________________ * Mail Registration Reply Form to: Mr. Nikolai Nikolov P.O. Box 20, Incoma, 9700 Shumen BULGARIA *PLEASE POST* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-276. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-277. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 111 Subject: 5.277 FYI: Correction, Hansard corpus, OSU Working papers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 18:42:48 -0800 (PST) From: Jose Camacho Subject: Correction in a previous submission ("New USC Linguistics 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 13:20 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: More on French corpora 3) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 17:31:35 EST From: OSU Working Papers Subject: Announcement -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 23 Feb 1994 18:42:48 -0800 (PST) From: Jose Camacho Subject: Correction in a previous submission ("New USC Linguistics GSIL Publications List Effective March 1, 1994 Graduates Students in Linguistics (G.S.I.L.) Department of Linguistics University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-1693 U.S.A. Titles available: Dissertations: 1 Authier, J-M. Syntax of unselective binding (1988) 2 Franco, J. On object agreement in Spanish (1993) 3 Heggie, L. Syntax of copular structures (1988) 4 Katada, F. The representation of anaphoric relations in logical form (1990) 5 Russell, K. A Constraint-based approach to phonology and morphology (1993) Available shortly: 6. Roberts, I. The representation of implicit and dethematized subjects (1985) 7. Martinez-Gil, F. Topics in Spanish historical phonology: a non-linear approach (1990) For ordering information, please contact GSIL Publications (e-mail address: gsil@scf.usc.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 13:20 GMT From: "Raf Salkie, University of Brighton, UK" Subject: More on French corpora Mark Liberman from the University of Pennsylvania has sent me the following request following the recent summary in the List: "Please do not encourage people to write to me about the Hansard corpus. We are planning to publish it on CD-ROM sometime this spring, and when we do so, it will be announced on the LINGUIST list as well as elsewhere. Meanwhile, every note I have to answer about this topic (about 20 in the past two weeks) just postpones the date of publication, by stealing time that I might otherwise spend on data preparation." Obviously the people working on the ACL initiative need HELP rather than endless requests for information. I'm happy to send them a tape of Dire Straits hits if that will cheer them up. Let's all be thoughtful here. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 4 Mar 94 17:31:35 EST From: OSU Working Papers Subject: Announcement A detailed catalog of the OSU Working Papers in Linguistics (OSUWPL) publication series is now available from the Listserv. The listing can be obtained from the Listserv by sending the message get osuwpl lst linguist to the address listserv@tamvm1.tamu.edu For more information send email to lingadm@ling.ohio-state.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-277. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-278. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 106 Subject: 5.278 Varia: Double modals, Mainstream linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 06:13 EDT From: "David A. Johns" Subject: Double modals 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 06:44:20 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: Mainstream linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 06:13 EDT From: "David A. Johns" Subject: Double modals A couple of notes from Southeast Georgia: * The most common double modals around here seem to be MIGHT COULD and MIGHT SHOULD, but I've also heard MIGHT WOULD and yes, MIGHT CAN a few times. My impression (I'm not a native speaker) is that MIGHT CAN is more optimistic than MIGHT COULD. * I heard one local resident use MIGHT BETTER several times in one discussion. This suggests that for him BETTER is no longer a reduction of HAD BETTER, but has actually become a modal. David Johns Waycross College Waycross, GA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 06:44:20 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: Mainstream linguistics I find the discussion on "mainstream linguistics" fascinating but, I think there is a danger it will degenerate into inter-camp polemics. Instead, I'd like to suggest a couple of points lest they be overlooked: I. It is important to keep in mind, when discussing mainstream vs. periphery issues to remember the extraordinary tightness of the job market in recent years. If a non-GB linguist has difficulty finding a job, that might have just as much to do with the general lack of jobs as with relative biases in job advertisements. Just for the record, for instance, I can think of maybe ten jobs that have been advertised specifically for syntax in the last three years; of these two (at UCSD and Michigan) were advertised for (and filled by) non-mainstream syntac- ticians. Since the output of syntacticians is certainly much greater than the availability of jobs, lots of people are going to be disappointed. One can debate whether a 20% representation is a fair proportion for minority views, but that is a far more difficult and subjective question than the presence or absence of "bias". II. A separate, and in a sense more critical question, is the DISTRIBUTION of jobs. My impression, based on being in the job market heavily in the last three years, is that there is a significant difference in the TYPE of job a non-mainstream linguist is likely to get. Most of the non-mainstream linguists I know (except those fortunate enough to land at places like Berkeley, San Diego, or SUNY-Buffalo) have jobs as linguists in allied fields, in English or Foreign Language departments. One gets the impression, by contrast, that MIT graduates generally do land jobs in linguistics departments (at least, that appears to be the U.S. situation). Since a linguistic department job is something of a plum (and currently, a shrinking, sometimes endangered one) this situation certainly generates a degree of jealousy, and reinforces a feeling of being excluded from the mainstream among those relegated to the "periphery" in the job market. III. I think that some of the polemics about Chomsky are rather misguided. As an author of a book on non-mainstream syntax (GRAMMAR IN MIND AND BRAIN: EXPLORATIONS IN COGNITIVE SYNTAX, Mouton de Gruyter 1992) I can think of no better fate than being selected for direct criticism by Chomsky, no matter how blistering. Getting noticed is the best possible evidence that one's work has an impact, no matter how forceful the response. I hope that non-mainstream linguists will not fall into the double-bind game of a) you ignore me; b) you criticize me too much. Conversely, it would be nice if linguists of all schools would be a bit more careful on such scholarly details as doing thorough literature searches and making it a point to cite work from other schools if it bears on one's own work. It is nice, though, to note that the current debate has gotten some "mainstream" responses. Rather often, when this kind of issue comes up, only the dissatisfied speak up. If substantive rather than sociological issues can also be addressed, so much the better. ---Paul Deane -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-278. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-279. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 91 Subject: 5.279 Sum: Natural Language Processing/Data Mining Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 11:41:44 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Natural Language Processing,Data Mining -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 11:41:44 EST From: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au (Y. Shum) Subject: Natural Language Processing,Data Mining Hi there, Firstly , I apologise for not compiling all the responses I got immeidately. Here's are some of the responses I got: Data Mining: from matthew@cs.williams.edu : You can ftp four papers that I've worked on (only 2 are really data mining - the other two are cooperative database stuff) from cs.williams.edu (anonymous login) The papers are in pub/matthew Another data mining paper could be obtained from ftp.cwi.nl in the directory pub.CWIreports/AA in the file CS-R9406.ps.Z . A part of speech tagger is available by anonymous ftp from: lightning.lcs.mit.edu in Pub/BRILL/programs and its documentation in pub/BRILL/Papers An online lexicon and a semantic concordance that goes along with it could be found in /pub in clarity.princeton.edu from CLAYKE@delphi.com NLP or NLU (using) is a big subject and you may be able to find a special purpose system to help you with your task, but in reality it will be a lexical analyser. Successful general-purpose NLP does not exist - yet. :-) As for the general issue of indexing, I can recommend the book: INDEXERS ON INDEXING by The Royal Society of Indexers (London) Sorry, I don't know the publisher's name or year of publication. A Phd defence in Automatic Terminology Extraction could be obtained from bea@ccv.fr abd it is in French. ------------------------------------- EDITED) date: Wed, 16 Feb 1994 09:56:34 +0100 To: shuychon@mehta.anu.edu.au from: perron@cti.ecp.fr Content-Length: 1445 I have received your question through Linguist List. I am doing some research concerning data extraction from text. I have a list of paramaters that must be extracted from texts about car accidents. Those parameters are like : weather, speed, seat belt fastened or not, driver drunk... The aim is to provide a tool capable of doing it automatically or able to help an operator to do it. The first solution would use NLP and the second would use information retrieval technics. Here is MY idea about the subject : - The problem of NLP is that it does not seem to give enough precision in interpretation of long texts. - It seems to be easier to use information retrieval technics, but they cannot extract datas automaticaly since they do not make an interpretation of what is said. Maybe you could be interested in the proceedings of the Message Understanding Conferences (MUC). Regards Thierry. Thierry PERRON ----------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-279. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-280. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 102 Subject: 5.280 Sum: E-Type Pronouns Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 12:40:05 +0100 From: dekker@illc.uva.nl (Paul Dekker) Subject: Subject: 5.37 Qs: E-Type Pronouns -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 12:40:05 +0100 From: dekker@illc.uva.nl (Paul Dekker) Subject: Subject: 5.37 Qs: E-Type Pronouns Query: the term `E-type pronoun' Some time ago (10 Jan 1994) we queried the linguist list for explanations of the term `E-type', the name of a kind of (use of) pronouns discussed by Gareth Evans. In case no reliable factual explanations were proposed, we sollicited alternative explanations, and proposed to award the title ``The Official Linguist List Explanation'' to the most original one of them. Not a great number of explanations were sent to us, because, apparently, nobody did have a good explanation of the term, and, more importantly, nobody could beat LARRY HORN's irrefutable alternative. The awarded contribution is fully reproduced below, but first we would like to thank the people who reacted/replied. They are: Varol Akman, Alexis Dimitriadis, Larry Horn (#1), Dick Oehrle and Peter Sells. Peter Blok (peter@let.rug.nl), Paul Dekker (dekker@illc.uva.nl), Klaus von Heusinger (klaus.heusinger@popserver.uni-konstanz.de) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % % % E-TYPE % % % % THE OFFICIAL LINGUIST LIST EXPLANATION % % % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Date: Wed, 12 Jan 94 10:41:09 EST From: Larry Horn Subject: E-type pronouns: a (3)-type response Subject: E-type pronouns: a (3)-type response I myself always felt uncomfortable about this very issue. Even Chomsky never referred to 'C-adjunction', and Quine refrained from citing 'Q-arguments' against ontological overpopulation. I did assume the E- was simply for Evans, but I agree the matter demands further research. After pushing my own scholarship to the limits, I am forced to conclude that Gareth Evans was simply too modest a philosopher to have named an entire class of anaphoric entities after himself. Examining the pronouns in question, we find that Evans--e.g. in his 1980 characterization of the problem ("Pronouns", LI 11: 337-62)--uses a variety of animals as non-binding antecedents, including sheep, dogs, and congressmen [the numbering of the examples is Evans's, from pp. 339-43 of the article cited]. (8) John owns some sheep and Harry vaccinates them in the spring. (25) Socrates owned a dog and it bit Socrates. (7) Few congressmen admire Kennedy, and they are very junior. Nevertheless, such anaphoric relations have long been recognized in the literature, as Geach and others have observed, and the locus classicus has always involved a donkey. Indeed, the widespread occurrence of examples like (1) and (2) have provided the traditional informal name of the phenomenon, (1) Every farmer who owns a donkey beats it. (2) If a farmer owns a donkey, he [sic] beats it. viz. 'donkey sentences'. The conclusion is not merely plausible but compelling: the E- of E-type sentences can only refer to the sound a donkey makes upon being beaten by the farmer that owns it. Thus the sentences in question were originally known as 'Hee-haw' sentences, pronounced 'Ee-aw' sentences. (Note that independent research has shown that donkeys do not pronounce syllable-initial [h], whence A. A. Milne's use of 'Eeyore' to name the sad-eyed donkey in his Winnie-the-Pooh stories; in his [r]-less British R.P. dialect, the donkey's name is pronounced [I:aw], where [aw] denotes 'open o'.) We can thus see that what Evans had in mind was 'Hee-haw'- (or, more perspicuously, Ee-aw-)type pronouns, later simplified to E-type pronouns. Evans's generalization of the phenomenon, extending it from donkeys to sheep, congressmen, and even dogs, should not disguise its fundamental asininity. Sincerely, Laurence R. Horn -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-280. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-281. Wed 09 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 107 Subject: 5.281 Sum: Intro to Language Texts, Ro/umanian Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 14:44:43 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: SUM: Intro to Language Texts 2) Date: Sun, 06 Mar 94 16:28:26 MEZ From: Martin Haase Subject: SUM: Ro/umanian -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 94 14:44:43 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: SUM: Intro to Language Texts Last month I asked about textbooks/readers for an introductory course in language (as opposed to linguistics). I received suggestions from about a dozen folks. Here's some of what people had to say. Note that texts are not listed in any particular order. ============================================================================ -- Fromkin & Rodman, Fifth Edition. ** Comments: ... there are practically no formalisms and the coverage is really quite broad. -- Clark, Escholz & Rosa. This is a reader, with artcles from a variety of areas of interest to the student of language. From what I can tell, it has gone by a couple of different titles and editions; what was once called _Language: Introductory Readings_ seems to have bee retitled _Language Awareness_, 6th edition. By the way, the order of the authors seems also to have changed during the history of this book. (St. Martin's Press) ** Comments: It has articles on all the major areas of linguistics as well as minor ones...One thing I discovered, however, was that lower-level undergrads do not know how to read artciles. Especially because it was in book form, they read it like a textbook... I gave them a handout on how to approach this kind of material. ... many good, nontechnical contributions. -- W. Roberts and G. Turgeon, _About Language_ (Houghton Mifflin, 1992). ** Comments: ... some useful papers, but also some less useful material (depending on the slant of the course) which focusses on composition and writing. ** Other Suggestions ** -- Bolinger's _Language: The Loaded Weapon_ -- D. Tannen, anything published -- D. Graddol, J. Cheshire, J. Swann, _Describing Langauge_ (Open University Press, 1987) -- D. Freeborn, P. French, D. Langford, _Varieties of English: An introduction to the study of language_ (Macmillan 1986) A couple of folks also mentioned a new offering from St. Martin's Press entitled _Language_. Unfortunately, I've no other info to share (such as an author or editor). Thanks to all those who responded. I'm sure to enjoy checking out these options during spring break. --David J. Silva, Univ of TX at Arlington (david@ling.uta.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 06 Mar 94 16:28:26 MEZ From: Martin Haase Subject: SUM: Ro/umanian My question whether to write Romanian or Rumanian caused quite a number of reactions, some of them very passionate. I'm sorry that I cannot answer all of them personally. Here is the result: Roumanian: is considered a traditional though obsolete spelling. Rumanian: is the form sometimes favored by traditional Romance linguists, in order to distinguish between Rumania (the country) and Romania (the Romance speech community, a technical term in Romance studies). Romanian: is the official spelling, as Romania is the official name of the country in English. All Romanians that replied, strongly advocated for this spelling, some found the spelling _Rumanian_ offensive. Martin Haase -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-281. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-282. Thu 10 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 163 Subject: 5.282 Calls: Linguistic Representations of the Subject, New journal Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 16:56:39 +0000 (GMT) From: "Dr. K.N. Simms" Subject: Conference 2) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:39:14 GMT From: Russell Collingham Subject: NEW JOURNAL - CALL FOR PAPERS -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 16:56:39 +0000 (GMT) From: "Dr. K.N. Simms" Subject: Conference *LINGUISTIC REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SUBJECT* AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL 4th-5th JULY 1994 *CALL FOR PAPERS* _Linguistic Representations of the Subject_ is an interdisciplinary conference in the fields of linguistics, semiotics, philosophy, psychoanalysis, and literary theory. Papers of twenty minutes duration are invited for each of the following sections: `The Semiotic Subject', `The Post-Cartesian Subject', `The Subject and the Psyche', `The Social Subject', and `The Literary Subject'. _Speakers include_ *MICHAEL HOEY* *JEAN-JACQUES LECERCLE* *JONATHAN REE* *THOMAS A. SEBEOK* Send proposals by 29th April to Karl Simms at: Department of English Language and Literature, Modern Languages Building, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, England or fax: +51 794 2730 or e-mail: knsimms@liverpool.ac.uk Conference details and booking forms available from the same address. A large selection of papers will be published by _Liverpool Studies in Language and Discourse_, in association with a leading international academic publisher. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:39:14 GMT From: Russell Collingham Subject: NEW JOURNAL - CALL FOR PAPERS == CALL FOR PAPERS == JOURNAL OF NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING "Natural Language Engineering" is a new journal, to be launched by Cambridge University Press in 1995. It is an international forum for the dissemination of results concerning the theory and practice of applied natural language processing. The focus is on publications addressing research and development issues fundamental to engineering of natural language technologies. A principal concern will be systems which can operate in realistic application environments, in terms of their scale, robustness, feasibility, maintenability, usability and system integration. The editors are particularly anxious to respond to identified needs in the research community. The field currently lacks an outlet dedicated to communicating technology-oriented work. There is also a lack of easily accessible reference materials discussing the impact of research in computational linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive psychology on the task of engineering for practical natural language processing applications. Original articles are sought, addressing issues in all areas of linguistic engineering; these include, but are not limited, to: adaptive systems; corpus processing; delivery of assistance (e.g. help systems, explanation); dialogue management; front ends to computational systems, both single modality and multimodal; grammar and style checking; information management and access; language teaching aids; lexicon acquisition and implementation; linguistic knowledge bases (e.g. lexica, grammars, term banks); localising for multilingual systems; machine translation; multimedia authoring and delivery environments; performance evaluation; speech and natural language integration; text analysis and content extraction; text generation; tools for natural language processing. Articles may discuss separate technologies, complete applications, system evaluations, and limitations of particular designs. The review process is specifically designed for speedy publication. Editors: Roberto Garigliano, University of Durham Executive Editor John Tait, University of Sunderland Joint Editor Branimir Boguraev, Apple Computer, Inc. Joint Editor Editorial Board: Hiyan Alshawi, AT&T Bell Laboratories Susan Armstrong, ISSCO Geneva Madeleine Bates, BBN Systems and Technologies Peter Bosch, IBM Germany, Heidelberg Scientific Centre Ted Briscoe, Xerox Grenoble and University of Cambridge John Carroll, University of Cambridge Philip Cohen, SRI International Robert Dale, Microsoft Institute for Advanced Software Technology and University of Edinburgh Nicholas Haddock, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Philip Hayes, Carnegie Group, Inc. and Carnegie-Mellon University Karen Jensen, Microsoft Corp. Fred Karlsson, University of Helsinki David Lewis, AT&T Bell Laboratories Paul Martin, Sun Microsystems Laboratories Chris Mellish, University of Edinburgh Andrei Mikheev, IPIAN, Russian Academy of Sciences and University of Edinburgh Roger Moore, Speech Research Unit, DRA Kazunori Muraki, NEC Corporation Yoshinori Sagisaka, ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories Donia Scott, University of Brighton Oliviero Stock, IRST Junichi Tsujii, UMIST David Waltz, NEC Research Peter Whitelock, Sharp Laboratories Yorick Wilks, University of Sheffield Natural Language Engineering is published four times a year in March, June, September and December. Four issues form a volume. Volume 1 will be published in 1995. Authors should submit papers to: [submissions from Europe, Asia [submissions from North and and Africa] South America and Oceania] Roberto Garigliano Branimir Boguraev Laboratory for Natural Language Engineering Advanced Technologies Group Computer Science Department Apple Computer, Inc. University of Durham One Infinite Loop, MS: 301-3S South Road Cupertino Durham DH1 3LE California 95014 United Kingdom USA tel: +44 91 374 2639 tel: +1 408 974 1048 fax: +44 91 374 2560 fax: +1 408 974 8414 Roberto.Garigliano@durham.ac.uk bkb@apple.com Electronic submissions are strongly encouraged. For guidelines for authors please contact as above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-282. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-283. Thu 10 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 171 Subject: 5.283 Jobs: Natural language postdoc, Lecturer, Foundation Chair Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 14:37:02 -0500 From: schubert@cs.rochester.edu Subject: natural language postdoc 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 09:39:15 GMT From: Paul Mc Kevitt 3) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 12:14:39 +1100 From: nreid@metz.une.edu.au(Nick Reid) Subject: Foundation Chair of Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 1994 14:37:02 -0500 From: schubert@cs.rochester.edu Subject: natural language postdoc >From mtan@psych.rochester.edu Fri Mar 4 14:54:20 1994 from: Michael Tanenhaus The Center for Sciences of Language at the University of Rochester anticipates having one and possibly two NIH-funded post-doctoral fellowships available for the 1994-95 academic year. If two positions are available, preference for one of the positions will be given to candidates who already have the Ph.D. and can begin before July 1, 1994. The appointment will be for one year with the possibility of renewal for a second year. The Center brings together faculty and students with interests in spoken and signed languages from the departments of Linguistics, Computer Science, Psychology, and Philosophy; and the interdisciplinary programs in Cognitive Science and Neuroscience. We encourage applicants from any of these disciplines who have expertise in any area of natural language. We are particularly interested in post-doctoral fellows who want to contribute to an interdisciplinary community. Applications should be sent to Michael K. Tanenhaus, University of Rochester, Department of Psychology, Meliora Hall, Rochester, NY 14627. Include a vita, sample reprints and/or pre-prints, a statement of research and training interests, and arrange for letters of reference from at least three referees. In order to guarantee full consideration, applications should be received by April 1. The University of Rochester is an equal opportunity employer. We encourage applications from women and from minorities. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 09:39:15 GMT From: Paul Mc Kevitt THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD The Department of Computer Science wishes to recruit a Lecturer Grade A to a fixed 5 year appointment arising from the award of an SERC Advanced Research Fellowship to Dr. P Mc Kevitt. The lectureship will be tenable from 1/10/94 and applications are invited from anyone with research interests in the following areas: Cognitive Systems Computational Models of Hearing Speech Technology Natural Language Processing Computer Graphics Intelligent Tutoring Systems Computer Argumentation Connectionist Language Processing Formal Methods and Software Engineering Theory of Computer Science Software and systems engineering Communication Networks Neural Networks Parallel Systems Safety Critical Systems Parallel Databases CASE Tools for Parallel Systems Further details are available from the Department of Computer Science. Closing date for applications 8th April, 1994. Department of Computer Science Regent Court University of Sheffield 211 Portobello Street GB- S1 4DP, Sheffield England, UK, EU. e-mail: dept@dcs.shef.ac.uk fax: +44 742 780972 phone: +44 742 825590 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 12:14:39 +1100 From: nreid@metz.une.edu.au(Nick Reid) Subject: Foundation Chair of Linguistics THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS Foundation Chair of Linguistics Applications and expressions of interest are invited for the position of Foundation Chair in the Department of Linguistics in the Faculty of Arts. The Department presently has 5 academic staff, with teaching and research interests in phonetics and phonology, morphology, semantics, lexicography, cognitive science, language typology, sociolinguistics, cross-cultural pragmatics, forensic linguistics, language contact, and applied linguistics. Languages currently under study include Aboriginal English, Hindi, Korean, Malay, Ngan'gityemerri, Tamil, Tok Pisin and Yankunytjatjara. There is a small, but well-equipped phonetics laboratory. The Department is the only one in Australia offering a full range of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in linguistics by distance education, as well as on-campus teaching. A feature of the Department's teaching programs is the balance between analytical linguistics and the study of language in its sociocultural context. The University seeks a person with a high scholarly reputation and strong leadership qualities. Aside from teaching and conducting research, the appointee will be expected to serve as Head of Department for five years in the first instance. Applications are welcomed from those with specialisations in any area of linguistics. Salary: $77,900 pa (Level E) Closing date: 5 August, 1994 Position No.: Informal inquiries may be directed to Dr. Jeff Siegel, Acting Head of Linguistics. Telephone: (067) 73 3203. Fax: (067) 73 3735. Email: jsiegel@metz.une.edu.au Applications should be addressed to the Director, Personnel Services, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351 telephone (067) 73 2678, and should include the names, addresses, telephone and facsimile numbers of three referees and should state the position number. The right to fill the position by invitation or to make no appointment is reserved. Equal Opportunity and a smoke free environment are University policies. The right to fill the Chair by invitation, or to make no appointment, is reserved. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-283. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-284. Thu 10 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 79 Subject: 5.284 Qs: Spanish verbs, Japanese font, Strategies of deceiving Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 17:56 EST From: Aleksander Murzaku <0006353692@mcimail.com> Subject: Query: Spanish verbs? 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 13:53:34 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: Japanese font 3) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 1994 23:25:08 -0500 From: ah720@freenet.carleton.ca (Ekaterina Lechtchiner) Subject: Strategies of deceiving from pragmatics' perspective -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 17:56 EST From: Aleksander Murzaku <0006353692@mcimail.com> Subject: Query: Spanish verbs? Does anybody know if there exist a verb conjugator for Spanish or a list of conjugated verbs or a rule database etc. (for sale or free)? I would be more interested on American Spanish but even Castilian Spanish would be welcome. Thanks in advance, Aleksander Murzaku Microlytics, Inc. P.S. You can answer me on 6353692@mcimail.com or microlytics.roch898@xerox.com -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 13:53:34 +0008 From: "RANDY J. LAPOLLA" Subject: Japanese font We have a rather urgent need for a Japanese font for the Mac. Can anyone tell me of one that is public domain or shareware that can be easily ftp'ed? If there is no such thing, could someone please tell me which is the best Japanese font (kana alone or kana and kanji) available for purchase? Thank you! Randy LaPolla Institute of History and Philology Academia Sinica -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 1994 23:25:08 -0500 From: ah720@freenet.carleton.ca (Ekaterina Lechtchiner) Subject: Strategies of deceiving from pragmatics' perspective Hi, everybody! I'm currently writing a paper about deceiving for a seminar in pragmatics. I'm especially interested in lying, (intended deceiving), as it manifest itself in fairy-tales. I would appreciate any bibliographical references on papers con- cerning this problem, as well as papers on the communicative intent, dealing with strategies of intended deceiving. I am aware of several articles from the 70th, but I would like to look on some more recent ones. I would also appreciate any kind of tips. Thank you in advance. Katya Fradkina. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-284. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-285. Thu 10 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 143 Subject: 5.285 FYI: extIPA Symbols Chart, Discussion List for Logic Teachers Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:18 GMT From: FEBH23@ujvax.ulster.ac.uk Subject: extIPA Symbols Chart, VoQS Symbols Chart 2) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 1994 16:00:08 -0500 From: fwilson@coral.bucknell.edu Subject: Internet Discussion List for Logic Teachers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:18 GMT From: FEBH23@ujvax.ulster.ac.uk Subject: extIPA Symbols Chart, VoQS Symbols Chart Two one A4 page Charts are now available giving the latest (1994) versions of the extIPA symbols ("Extensions to the IPA for the transcription of atypical speech"), and the VoQS symbols ("Voice Quality Symbols"). These are supported by the International Clinical Phonetics and Linguistics Association, and are invaluable for all working with speech disorders and normal and disordered voice. Copies can be obtained free of charge by sending an addressed (but not stamped) envelope (large A4 size, American Quarto will not be big enough) to the address below. Please note that requests via e-mail cannot be dealt with, and only snail mail requests with return envelope can be dealt with, and only snail mail requests with return envelope can be answered. Contact: Dr Martin J. Ball, Department of Communication, University of Ulster at Jordanstown, Newtownabbey, County Antrim, BT37 0QB. Northern Ireland - U.K. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 1994 16:00:08 -0500 From: fwilson@coral.bucknell.edu Subject: Internet Discussion List for Logic Teachers Announcing a list based forum: LOGIC-L For the discussion of topics related to the _teaching_ and study of ***************** ELEMENTARY LOGIC ***************** "Logic is an old subject, and since 1879 it has been a great one." --Willard Van Orman Quine "Logic is an old subject, and since the 4th Century B.C. it has been a great one." Jonathan Lear, _Aristotle and Logical Theory_ ___________________________________________________________ The primary purpose of this List is to provide a forum for the exchange of views, experiences, techniques, and professional information pertaining to the _teaching_ and _study_ of elementary logic. By 'elementary logic' we mean the areas of logic customarily taught up through the undergraduate level, and including the concerns of both deductive and inductive logic, with special emphasis upon the apparatus of first-order predicate calculus. The intent of the List is to have a strong pedagogical emphasis, though this is not to be regarded as exclusive of discussions of a theoretical character. We anticipate and encourage discussion on this List of such topics as: --Developing trends in the teaching of logic --Comparison of the levels at which elementary logic is taught symbolic logic, metatheory, etc.) --New developments in the teaching of elementary logic (e.g., modallogic, relevance logic, speech act theory, etc.) --Issues in the philosophy of logic, epistemology, cognitive science,linguistics, computer science, psychology etc. as they bear upon the teaching of logic --Logic software available as teaching and learning aids --Consideration of new (and old) textbooks and their merits --Successful (and unsuccessful) practices in the teaching of logic (e.g., the use of puzzles, humor, paradoxes,), differing testing methods, etc. --The relations of logic to ordinary language, and the strengths and limitations of formalization --The interrelations between logical and rhetorical modes of communication --The _history_ of the teaching of logic, and where it seems to be going as we move into the 21st Century This list is thus primarily intended to be a forum (i) for pedagogical and theoretical discussions of materials relating to the _teaching_ and _study_ of elementary logic (ii) for sharing information regarding conferences, lectures, recent publications, bibliographies, teaching methods, and other material of potential interest to those engaged in teaching elementary logic. The list is unmoderated and open to anyone, from any discipline, with a serious academic interest in this area of study. Questions, shared research and insight, relevant conference announcements/calls for papers, etc. are welcome and encouraged. ___ TO SUBSCRIBE: send a message to the following address: LISTSERV@BUCKNELL.EDU containing in the body of the message the subscription line: SUB LOGIC-L For example: SUB LOGIC-L Charles S. Peirce When you subscribe you automatically receive explanatory information both about the group and about the "listserv" mechanisms you will use to communicate with the other members of the group. The Co-Managers of the List are: Frank Wilson, Department of Philosophy, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, 17837; (717) 524-3461 fwilson@coral.bucknell.edu and Ted Chappen P. O. Box 442, New Berlin, Pennsylvania, 17855 (717) 966-1778 chappen@coral.bucknell.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-285. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-286. Sun 13 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 152 Subject: 5.286 Calls: JOURNAL OF NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:39:14 GMT From: Russell Collingham Subject: NEW JOURNAL - CALL FOR PAPERS -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 14:39:14 GMT From: Russell Collingham Subject: NEW JOURNAL - CALL FOR PAPERS == CALL FOR PAPERS == JOURNAL OF NATURAL LANGUAGE ENGINEERING "Natural Language Engineering" is a new journal, to be launched by Cambridge University Press in 1995. It is an international forum for the dissemination of results concerning the theory and practice of applied natural language processing. The focus is on publications addressing research and development issues fundamental to engineering of natural language technologies. A principal concern will be systems which can operate in realistic application environments, in terms of their scale, robustness, feasibility, maintenability, usability and system integration. The editors are particularly anxious to respond to identified needs in the research community. The field currently lacks an outlet dedicated to communicating technology-oriented work. There is also a lack of easily accessible reference materials discussing the impact of research in computational linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and cognitive psychology on the task of engineering for practical natural language processing applications. Original articles are sought, addressing issues in all areas of linguistic engineering; these include, but are not limited, to: adaptive systems; corpus processing; delivery of assistance (e.g. help systems, explanation); dialogue management; front ends to computational systems, both single modality and multimodal; grammar and style checking; information management and access; language teaching aids; lexicon acquisition and implementation; linguistic knowledge bases (e.g. lexica, grammars, term banks); localising for multilingual systems; machine translation; multimedia authoring and delivery environments; performance evaluation; speech and natural language integration; text analysis and content extraction; text generation; tools for natural language processing. Articles may discuss separate technologies, complete applications, system evaluations, and limitations of particular designs. The review process is specifically designed for speedy publication. Editors: Roberto Garigliano, University of Durham Executive Editor John Tait, University of Sunderland Joint Editor Branimir Boguraev, Apple Computer, Inc. Joint Editor Editorial Board: Hiyan Alshawi, AT&T Bell Laboratories Susan Armstrong, ISSCO Geneva Madeleine Bates, BBN Systems and Technologies Peter Bosch, IBM Germany, Heidelberg Scientific Centre Ted Briscoe, Xerox Grenoble and University of Cambridge John Carroll, University of Cambridge Philip Cohen, SRI International Robert Dale, Microsoft Institute for Advanced Software Technology and University of Edinburgh Nicholas Haddock, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories Philip Hayes, Carnegie Group, Inc. and Carnegie-Mellon University Karen Jensen, Microsoft Corp. Fred Karlsson, University of Helsinki David Lewis, AT&T Bell Laboratories Paul Martin, Sun Microsystems Laboratories Chris Mellish, University of Edinburgh Andrei Mikheev, IPIAN, Russian Academy of Sciences and University of Edinburgh Roger Moore, Speech Research Unit, DRA Kazunori Muraki, NEC Corporation Yoshinori Sagisaka, ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Laboratories Donia Scott, University of Brighton Oliviero Stock, IRST Junichi Tsujii, UMIST David Waltz, NEC Research Peter Whitelock, Sharp Laboratories Yorick Wilks, University of Sheffield Natural Language Engineering is published four times a year in March, June, September and December. Four issues form a volume. Volume 1 will be published in 1995. Authors should submit papers to: [submissions from Europe, Asia [submissions from North and and Africa] South America and Oceania] Roberto Garigliano Branimir Boguraev Laboratory for Natural Language Engineering Advanced Technologies Group Computer Science Department Apple Computer, Inc. University of Durham One Infinite Loop, MS: 301-3S South Road Cupertino Durham DH1 3LE California 95014 United Kingdom USA tel: +44 91 374 2639 tel: +1 408 974 1048 fax: +44 91 374 2560 fax: +1 408 974 8414 Roberto.Garigliano@durham.ac.uk bkb@apple.com Electronic submissions are strongly encouraged. For guidelines for authors please contact as above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-286. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-287. Sun 13 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 137 Subject: 5.287 Double modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 15:58:35 +0100 From: Subject: double modals again 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 08:21:28 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.278 Varia: Double modals, Mainstream linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 15:58:35 +0100 From: Subject: double modals again Larry Horn is quite right in pointing out that 'subjunctive' is rather a grammatical category of mood than a proper description of one of the possible uses of _could_. In my posting I used the indicative/subjunctive distinction in a looser fashion. The word _could_ is indeed used in several different senses in English: 1) as the past tense of _can_ (I could sing better when I was younger); 2) in contrary-to-fact constructions (I could sing better if I were younger); 3) in an epistemic sense (What you say could be true); 4) in indirect quotations following a past tense verb (He said he could do that); 5) in indirect speech acts (Could I help you? Could you come earlier?); 6) in a 'potential' sense (I could say that better, Clinton could turn out to be a better president than Bush [no political statement here, just an example!]). This is by no means intended to be an exhaustive list, as there are surely more possible senses of _could_, and one 'could' imagine a different classification. Larry Horn mentioned senses 1), 3), and 4) in his posting. What is important here is that _might could_ cannot be used as a replacement for _could_ in all the senses mentioned. According to my native speaker intuition (I grew up in Dallas, Texas, and my father came from Arkansas), the double modal is not possible in sense 1) or sense 5), but it may occur in the other senses. In sense 4) it can only be used to indirectly quote "I could do that" or "I might could do that", not "I can do that". The senses in which _might could_ is possible all involve 'nonfactivity' in one form or another, and this is what I was referring to in my original posting when I used the term 'subjunctive'. This consistent distribution also belies the prejudice sometimes expressed that double modals are "substandard" varieties of (single) modal expressions. In my own idiolect, _might could_, _might should_, and _might ought to_ are all possible. I'm not too sure about _may can_ and _might can_, although I would certainly accept them as possible within my regional dialect. I find forms such as _I'll can_ foreign to my dialect, although I can imagine that they occur in other regional varieties. These examples would support the interpretation that _can_ and _could_ function here as 'to-less' infinitives, taking the role of the paraphrase _be able to_. (The form _could_ could be seen here as a variant of _can_ in the position following _might_. The construction _might could_ arises then on the basis of morphological assimilation.) Another interpretation would be to regard _might_ as a nonfactivity marker in the three constructions I cited at the top of this paragraph. (N.B.: 'nonfactivity' does not necessarily mean 'counterfactivity'; it means that the statements involved do not (yet) describe facts, so that the 'potentiality' sense is also included.) My linguistic intuitions support the latter interpretation at least for my dialect, in which _can_ and _could_ do not function fully as non-finite forms. I am grateful to Joyce Neu for initiating this thread. She might ought to add something herself and give us all a reliable email address in the process. I am grateful for the comments on my previous posting, both in the linguist newsletter and directly to me. Special thanks to Larry Horn for his clarifications. I have a particular interest in this matter from the point of view of comparative linguistics, since the relevant English and German constructions are quite similar to one another. The difference is that in German, the verb _koennen_ ('oe' for o-umlaut) has a full paradigm (infinitive, present, past, present and past perfect, subjunctive, past participle), as opposed to _can_, which is defective in modern English (only present and past, no distinction in form between 'indicative' and 'subjunctive'). I remain by my assertion in the previous posting that double modals serve the purpose of 'gap-filling' in English, supporting the distinction between factive and nonfactive senses. Of course the factive/nonfactive interpretation of _could_ is clear in many cases from the context, but nevertheless the use of _might could_ helps to clarify the speaker's intent. I would be grateful for any references on the historical development of double modal constructions and on paradigm-gap-filling in dialects. Tom King University of Koblenz Rheinau 1 D-56075 Koblenz Germany (king@informatik.uni-koblenz.de) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 08:21:28 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.278 Varia: Double modals, Mainstream linguistics David A. Johns" wrote: A couple of notes from Southeast Georgia: ... * I heard one local resident use MIGHT BETTER several times in one discussion. This suggests that for him BETTER is no longer a reduction of HAD BETTER, but has actually become a modal. I don't think this has anything to do with double modals. I use the form easily and naturally, and I'm from Northeastern New Jersey, where double modals do not occur, at least in white speech. (I must add, however, that my Brooklyn-born wife objects when I do so, claiming I'm going southern. --Leo Connolly -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-287. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-288. Sun 13 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 131 Subject: 5.288 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 15:48:00 EST From: Andreas Kathol Subject: Re: 5.272 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 21:27:21 -0500 From: rchandlr@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx Subject: 'MAINSTREAM' AS MEXICAN POLITICS? -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 9 Mar 94 15:48:00 EST From: Andreas Kathol Subject: Re: 5.272 Mainstream Linguistics Berhard Rohrbacher writes: > Just for the record: GB-Linguistics does not constitute the "Mainstream of > Linguistics" - on the contrary, GB-Linguists are a minority, especially outside > the US and the Netherlands. Accordingly, jobs for GBers are exceedingly rare, > and many institutions might as well have "People working within the Principles > and Parameters framework need not apply" sign on their doors. I find these remarks extremely interesting in light of something that Chomsky said in 1982 in Huybregts & v. Riemsdijk, _Chomsky on the Generative Enterprise_, which I take the liberty of quoting from G. Pullum's 1991 _The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax_: "It also has to be emphasized, as you know very well, that this framework is only taken seriously by a tiny minority in the field, certainly in the United States" (p. 41) "I would like to see an equivalent of GLOW ["Generative Linguistics in the Old World", AK] in the United States, but I don't think it is ready for it now." (p. 42) If I interpret the above statements correctly, they seem to indicate a common perception among practitioners of PPA/GB, namely to think of their community as a small group of "defenders of the Faith" that is besieged by a sea of nonbelievers. As Pullum points out, that was a mistaken perception re. the situation in the US in the early 80s and I would contend the same holds for Rohrbacher's assessment of the status of PPA/GB outside of the US and Netherlands today. (Incidentally, should we take the fact that he exempts these countries as implicitly acknowledging that the largest market for formally oriented linguists, i.e. the US, is now firmly in the hands of proponents of the Chomskyan paradigm?) For the record, in Germany alone, where PPA/GB is supposedly a minority position, quite a few positions (including professorships) were awarded in recent years to PPA/GB linguists at the universities of Tuebingen, Stuttgart, and Potsdam. So, it would be very interesting to hear of one ("measly") example of an opening for a formally oriented linguistics position in which PPA/GB applicants have (actively or passively) been discouraged from applying, and where from the outset preference was clearly given to proponents of other formal approaches to grammar, such as LFG, CG, or HPSG, among others. I've always been under the impression that part of the reason that those theories have a relatively small active followership is precisely because academic employment opportunities for applicants with those credentials are truely absyssmal as compared with those for people of the PPA/GB persuasion. --Andreas Kathol -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 21:27:21 -0500 From: rchandlr@ccr.dsi.uanl.mx Subject: 'MAINSTREAM' AS MEXICAN POLITICS? Why would, Martin Haspelmath, a German linguist in his 5/255 posting use the interesting figure of speech of linguistics (Lx) with being organised in the way Mexican politics (MP) is? The question is, is it a good metaphor? MP, being sui generis, is almost impossible to incapsulate in a one-page brief. But I will try. The ruling Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) has been in power since the Great Depression. It has oscillated every six years from right to center to left and back but never has trucked with the Communists, indicating it has no political philosophy per se. Then, how has it stayed in power for 65 years? Voter apathy. The cadres of party faithful are picked up and wined and dined and delivered home in PRI vehicles after voting, even vaccinations are organised by the Party. The other smaller parties do not have the funds to do the same. Also, the Electoral College is made up of a majority of PRI members; so, voting anomalies never reach the courts. This is Realpolitik! PRI's current line is free trade while the opposition cries for either wild capitalism or renationalisation of the banks and industy. Who knows what will happened after 1995! Most smaller parties' followers abandon their leaders radical positions taken during elections and either vote for PRI or stay home. Voter apathy, again, is the key to understanding MP. To see PRI's address and telephone numbers in the yellow and white pages listed under 'Government Agencies' would not surprise the Mexican voter--she knows it is the truth. The above can be documented in Jorge Castaneda's articles in the New York Times. Taking the above into account, one asks 'is the Lx mainstream similarly put together?' The answer is obviously, NO! Lx may have its "Chiapas Zapatistas" from time to time (e.g. THE LINGUIST WARS by Randy Allen Harris, Oxford University Press now available) but 'mainstream' linguists are not apathetic and that is the point. They believe rightly or wrongly in the central dogma and the "Zapatistas" neither abandon their causes and stay home. If Haspelmath had used the metaphor that Lx is not unlike a monolithic, world-wide church with a pope-like figure writing bulls for the faithful followers of Innateness it would not have been an erroneous appraisal. Prof. R. M. Chandler)Burns Medical College Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon Monterrey, MEXICO -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-288. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-289. Sun 13 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 125 Subject: 5.289 FYI: Correction, WECOL Proceedings, Mosaic Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 13:47:26 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Correction on Intro to Language Texts 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 12:27:57 -0800 (PST) From: vida_samiian@csufresno.edu (Vida Samiian) Subject: WECOL Proceedings 3) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:59:06 GMT From: mfleck@koop.cs.uiowa.edu (Margaret M. Fleck) Subject: Mosaic -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 13:47:26 CST From: david@utafll.uta.edu (David Silva) Subject: Correction on Intro to Language Texts Since the posting of my summary on texts/readers for an "Introduction to Language" course I've received two messages that clear up the confusion regarding the material by Rosa, Eschholz and Clark. What I believed to have been multiple incarnations of a single book is in reality TWO different texts: * Clark, Eschholz & Rosa, _Language: Introductory Readings_ (St. Martin's) Sources tell me this is a set of readings for a general intro course; it's currently in its 5th edition. * Eschholz, Rosa, & Clark, _Language Awareness_ (St. Martin's) Sources tell me this collection is more oriented towards students in a composition or education course; it's up to edition 6. This information should make ordering exam copies easier for those interested. My apologies for any confusion I may have inspired. --David Silva (david@ling.uta.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 12:27:57 -0800 (PST) From: vida_samiian@csufresno.edu (Vida Samiian) Subject: WECOL Proceedings Proceedings of the Western Conference on Linguistics Held at the University of Arizona, Oct. 16-18, 1992 WECOL 92 (volume 5) is now available for $16.00. The proceedings include 30 articles by the following authors: Farrell Ackerman & Phil Lesourd, Carl Alphonce & Henry Davis, Paul Bloom, Laurent P. Dekydtspotter, Patrick Farrell, Hana Filip, Elly van Gelderen, Grant Goodall, Larry Hagberg, Petra Hendriks, Sharon Inkelas & Orhan Orgun, Mark Kas & Eric Hoekstra, Tracy Holloway King, Shinsook Lee, Adrienne Lehrer, Jan Mohammad & Simin Karimi, Mario Montalbetti, Keiko Murasugi, Keiko Murasugi & Mamoru Saito, Kumiko G. Murasugi, Naoko Nemoto, Soonhyuck Park, Maria Polinsky, Bernhard Rohrbacher, Dale W. Russell & J. Michael Lake, Dingxu Shi, Kuo-ming Sung, Meng Yeh, Keiko Yoshida, and Ke Zou. TO order WECOL 92, send a check for $16 payable to "WECOL Proceedings" to: Vida Samiian Department of Linguistics California State University Fresno Fresno CA 93740-0092 tel. (209) 278-2441 e-mail: vida_samiian@csufresno.edu WECOL volumes 1-4 are still available for $16 each (at the above address). Through April 30, 1994, these volumes (1-4) may be purchased at a discount at $10 each. Please specify which volume you wish to purchase. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 7 Mar 1994 17:59:06 GMT From: mfleck@koop.cs.uiowa.edu (Margaret M. Fleck) Subject: Mosaic Mike Hammond suggested that various groups post their interests on the list. Groups with internet access and graphics terminals should also be aware of a new system called Mosaic (sometimes also "Web of the World"). This system allows local information (anything from campus maps to lists of faculty to the full text of recent technical reports) to be posted on the internet easily. The format includes not only formatted text, but also graphics and even sound tracks. This system is distributed free (it was developed by an academic site in Europe) and is easy to use, so it has been spreading very fast in the computer science community. We just got the code ourselves, so I'm not an expert. My best advice is to see if your CS department or computer center has Mosaic up and, if so, ask them for help, example files, etc. At the moment, only some of this list may be able to use Mosaic. For example, I don't think most of the linguists at my site have good enough internet access. However, it looks like it may replace many of the current network information servers as linguists (and scientists in other fields) get access to better computing facilities. Margaret Fleck (U. Iowa, CS Dept, mfleck@cs.uiowa.edu) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-289. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-290. Mon 14 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 152 Subject: 5.290 Jobs: Professor, Asst. Professor, English linguist, Research Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 14:47:44 +0000 (GMT) From: Linda Shockey Subject: job announcement 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 14:01:56 -0700 (MST) From: LETTICIA GALINDO Subject: for the listserv--announcement follows 3) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 11:00:50 CST From: "Thor Sigurd Nilsen" Subject: Job announcement: English linguist 4) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 03:49:59 GMT From: Yorick Wilks -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 14:47:44 +0000 (GMT) From: Linda Shockey Subject: job announcement UNIVERSITY OF READING DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTIC SCIENCE PROFESSOR/READER IN PHONETICS DIRECTOR OF THE SPEECH RESEARCH LABORATORY Applications are invited for the post of Director of The Speech Research Laboratory and Professor or Reader in Phonetics and/or Speech Science in the Department of Linguistic Science. The successful applicant will be expected to provide academic leadership in both research and teaching and to maintain and develop further the Department's acknowledged strength as a centre for research in phonetics and speech. Applications will be welcome from candidates who have a strong programme of current research and an established research reputation. Further information may be obtained from the Registrar, Room 213, Whiteknights House, P.O. Box 217, The University, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 2AH. Tel (0734) 318115. Fax. (0734) 874722. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 14:01:56 -0700 (MST) From: LETTICIA GALINDO Subject: for the listserv--announcement follows PLEASE ANNOUNCE. Visiting Assistant Professor/Instructor of Japanese. The Department of Foreign Languages at Arizona State University is offering a competitive salary for a Visiting Assistant Professor/Instructor of Japanese with specialization in Japanese Literature and/or Language Pedagogy to teach the undergraduate and graduate levels. Requirements: Ph.D. in Japanese (ABD will be considered); native or near- native fluency in Japanese and English; and evidence of successful teaching exp erience. To Apply: Please send letter of recommendation, C.V., and either dossier or 3 letters of recommendation, file or teaching evaluations and/or videotape of classroom instruction to: Pier R. Baldini, Chair Department of Foreign Languages Arizona State University Box 870202 Tempe, AZ 85287-0202 Application Deadline: February 1, 1994 and every 2 weeks thereafter until position is filled. ASU is an equal opportunity, AA employer. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 11:00:50 CST From: "Thor Sigurd Nilsen" Subject: Job announcement: English linguist The following vacancy is being announced by the Department of English, Telemark College, Norway. One full-time position as lecturer in English linguistics/ESP is vacant from 1 January, 1995. We are primarily interested in a linguist who can take the main responsibility for teaching Business English. The successful applicant will also be able to teach British English phonology. Application deadline: 1 May, 1994. For further information and the complete job description, contact Thor Sigurd Nilsen. e-mail adr. tnilsen@tdh.no Snail mail: Telemark College N-3800 Boe i Telemark Norway -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 03:49:59 GMT From: Yorick Wilks UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD Applications are invited for the established post of Research Facilitator with ILASH, the Institute for Language Speech and Hearing which has recently been established in Sheffield with University funding. The mission of ILASH is to promote interdisciplinary and interdepartmental research in all aspects of computation applied to language, speech and hearing. ILASH links 30 academics, as well as some 100 research students, working in various aspects of information retrieval, natural language processing, speech/hearing modelling, artificial intelligence, linguistics, speech and language pathology, speech technology, computational psychology and neural networks. The Facilitator should be familiar with a wide range of computer-based research tools in these areas of study and should be competent in applying and extending the capabilities of typical tools (and of developing further tools) in one or more of these areas. This post is primarily to assist and support the research of others, and the successful candidate will thus require communication skills in addition to subject knowledge and technical ability in addition to UNIX systems skills. The work will include guiding and assisting members of ILASH in the selection and use of tools and methods appropriate to their research, maintaining a comprehensive view of the tools available locally and remotely, and assisting with research, all as directed by the Board of ILASH. Informal enquiries can be made to Professor Yorick Wilks, the Director of the Institute , Regent Court, 211, Portobello St., Sheffield S1 4DP; Fax (0742) 780972; Internet: yorick@dcs.sheffield.ac.uk. Formal applications should go to: Director of Human Resource Management, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN. Closing date for applications: 4 April 1994. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-290. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-291. Tue 15 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 99 Subject: 5.291 Double modals Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 94 16:59:55 EST From: Joyce Neu Subject: Re: 5.287 Double modals 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 08:21:28 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.278 Varia: Double modals, Mainstream linguistics 3) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 17:36:08 GMT From: JLynch@ldta.demon.co.uk (J.Lynch) Subject: Re: 5.287 Double modals -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 94 16:59:55 EST From: Joyce Neu Subject: Re: 5.287 Double modals I want to thank everyone who has responded to my request for info on the use of double/multiple modals. I have very much enjoyed the discussion and hope it will continue. As a native Southern Californian now living in Atlanta by way of central PA (where "redding up a room" and "the car needs washed" were common expressions), I'm trying to get up to speed in a 3rd variety of English. I am sorry about any problems with my email address that might have occurred; it is again listed below. Joyce Neu ccjn@emuvm1.bitnet Associate Director Conflict Resolution Program The Carter Center of Emory University Atlanta, GA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 08:21:28 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.278 Varia: Double modals, Mainstream linguistics David A. Johns" wrote: A couple of notes from Southeast Georgia: ... * I heard one local resident use MIGHT BETTER several times in one discussion. This suggests that for him BETTER is no longer a reduction of HAD BETTER, but has actually become a modal. I don't think this has anything to do with double modals. I use the form easily and naturally, and I'm from Northeastern New Jersey, where double modals do not occur, at least in white speech. (I must add, however, that my Brooklyn-born wife objects when I do so, claiming I'm going southern. --Leo Connolly -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 94 17:36:08 GMT From: JLynch@ldta.demon.co.uk (J.Lynch) Subject: Re: 5.287 Double modals Tom King writes: > > In my own idiolect, _might could_, _might should_, and _might ought to_ > are all possible. I'm not too sure about _may can_ and _might can_, > although I would certainly accept them as possible within my regional > dialect. I find forms such as _I'll can_ foreign to my dialect, although > I can imagine that they occur in other regional varieties. In northeast England, "he'll not can" is quite a common construction. I have the impression that I have heard it more in Durham County than in Northumberland. Someone might say, "he'll not can get there" (although a person likely to use this construction would probably simply say, "he'll not can get". The usage is _only_ negative -- no-one would say "he'll can" -- John Lynch, LD Training Associates, UK -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-291. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-292. Tue 15 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 139 Subject: 5.292 Qs: Spatial preps, Neural net, French KIMMO, Language shift Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 11:57:51 EST From: "Joachim Grabowski" Subject: spatial prepositions 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 11:08:26 GMT From: alex@compapp.dcu.ie (Alex Monaghan) Subject: help - neural net hardware 3) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 20:41:42 -0500 From: Sara Elo Subject: Looking for French Kimmo rules. 4) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 13:25:35 +1300 From: C.H.Rand@massey.ac.nz (Charles Randriamasimanana) Subject: Language Shift -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 11:57:51 EST From: "Joachim Grabowski" Subject: spatial prepositions languages differ with respect to the word forms inventory of spatial and temporal prepositions. for my research on determinants of intrinsic and deictic use of spatial prepositions, i'm interested in the prepositional systems of languages, especially the spatial prepositions for the first (sagittal) horizontal dimension and the related temporal ones. E.g.: in German, relations on the sagittal are expressed by 'vor/hinter'; temporal relations are expressed by 'vor/nach'. so, there are three different word forms for these four cases. the same is true for Dutch, where it is 'voor/achter' and 'vor/naar'. in other languages, there are four different word forms for these four cases, e.g. in French 'avant/apres' and 'davant/derriere', or in Italian. what i would like to know is whether there are languages, where these four cases are expressed by different word form inventories than those two mentioned above. for example, are there languages, in which only two prepositional word forms work fpr the spatial as well as for the temporal relation? or are there languages, where 'in front of' and 'before' are two different forms, but 'behind' and 'after' are expressed by the same one? of course, this question does only make sense for cultures with an euclidean representation of space and their respective languages. please answer to achim grabowski GRAB@CLARITY.PRINCETON.EDU -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 11:08:26 GMT From: alex@compapp.dcu.ie (Alex Monaghan) Subject: help - neural net hardware i have a student who is about to implement a connectionist phoneme recogniser, and i would appreciate any advice as to the type of HARDWARE to use. we do not have any paralle computing facilities here, but buying time on a supercomputer is a possibility. a short explanation of the project follows. Phoneme Recognition by Time-Delay Neural Net --------------------------------------------- The project will use a Time-Delay Neural Net (TDNN) to recognise English phonemes. The time delay aspect is used to make the net shift invariant, i.e., temporal discrepancies will not affect the output. The network will have an input, an output and two hidden layers of simple units which will form the decision surfaces to be learned by the network. Learning will be done using backward error propagation. Hopefully the net will be able to learn speech features enabling it to recognise phonemes regardless of their position in the utterance, or the intonation, etc. The network will be trained and tested using recorded English phonemes. many thanks, alex. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 20:41:42 -0500 From: Sara Elo Subject: Looking for French Kimmo rules. Bonjour, Are the rules and the lexicon for the morphological analysis by the PC-Kimmo system for processing French publically available somewhere? Thank you, Sara Elo MIT Media Lab. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 13:25:35 +1300 From: C.H.Rand@massey.ac.nz (Charles Randriamasimanana) Subject: Language Shift Hello I am posting a request from a student who is not on e-mail at present. Please forward all responses to my address above. "I am doing research on language shift in German immigrant children in New Zealand. I would like to draw on any information or references available on similar/related processes in other countries. My research is aimed specifically at young native speakers of German between 7 and 17 years of age. Any help would be greatly appreciated." I will post a summary if enough people are interested. Thank you all. Charles Randriamasimanana Department of Linguistics & SLT Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-292. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-293. Tue 15 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 106 Subject: 5.293 Qs: Canadian raising, Chimpanzees, Caribbean creole, EUROTRA Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 17:30:56 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Some more questions about Canadian Raising 2) Date: Sat, 12 Mar 94 19:50 EST From: KROVETZ%coins@cs.umass.edu Subject: Chimpanzees and Speech 3) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 10:36:38 -0600 From: David T Rothman Subject: Caribbean English Creole and BVE 4) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 23:57:36 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott Subject: EUROTRA Reference Manual -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 94 17:30:56 EST From: Alexis_Manaster-Ramer@MTS.cc.Wayne.edu Subject: Query: Some more questions about Canadian Raising I would like to ask speakers who have "Canadian Raising", AND ESPECIALLY NATIVES OF ONTARIO, to tell me whether they have the lower or the higher diphthong in the following: icon Nikon daikon psycho Cyclops -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sat, 12 Mar 94 19:50 EST From: KROVETZ%coins@cs.umass.edu Subject: Chimpanzees and Speech There was an episode of the PBS program NOVA a few weeks ago entitled "Can Chimps Talk?". It mentioned that they don't have the vocal apparatus necessary to produce speech, but they do appear to have the ability to learn language. Could they use a device like the one used by Stephen Hawking to produce speech? Bob krovetz@cs.umass.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 94 10:36:38 -0600 From: David T Rothman Subject: Caribbean English Creole and BVE Hello. I am trying to devise a BVE index made up of BVE linguistic variables distinct from Caribbean English Creole forms. I haven't come up with much. Please help! Thanks in advance, David Rothman University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee greasydv@csd4.csd.uwm.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Fri, 11 Mar 1994 23:57:36 +0000 (WET) From: a mcelligott Subject: EUROTRA Reference Manual I am having difficulty in obtaining a copy of the above. Having faxed the European Commission, Basic Studies in Linguistics, DG XIII - E - 5, FAX: 4301-34655, the response was that this is out of print and no reprint is planned for the time being. I should appreciate any information on where I might attempt to access same. Thanking you in anticipation, (AMcE). __________________________________________________________________ Annette McElligott, CSIS Dept., University of Limerick, Ireland. Tel: +353 61 333644 ext. 5024; Fax: +353 61 330876 Email: mcelligo@itdsrv1.ul.ie or mcelligotta@ul.ie ------------------------------------------------------------------ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-293. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-294. Tue 15 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 69 Subject: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 94 14:48:54 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Re: 5.288 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 1994 18:47:27 -0500 (EST) From: MLEWELLEN@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: Mainstream LX and Politics... -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 94 14:48:54 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Re: 5.288 Mainstream Linguistics For heaven's sake, does it really need to be suggested yet again that people may make choices concerning the research programs they wish to see at their universities on the basis of the ideas that they think are most likely to be *correct* and the research that they think is most likely to lead somewhere. How many times does the Linguist list need the same old complaints about discrimination against the case-theoretically challenged and the differently empty-categoried? Why not some really *productive* grousing for a change, e.g. about how Canadian universities discriminate against non-Canadians, or why it's so hard for non-Europeans to be hired for linguistics positions in Europe? For that matter, when's the last time you saw a job announcement for a *morphologist*? Hopefully, David Pesetsky -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Sun, 13 Mar 1994 18:47:27 -0500 (EST) From: MLEWELLEN@guvax.acc.georgetown.edu Subject: Mainstream LX and Politics... I enjoyed seeing comparisons of "mainstream linguistics" to political entities such as the Mexican PRI or the Pope, for I, having lived in both the Chinese and linguistic worlds, have long compared "mainstream linguistics" to the Chinese Communist Party. Both are fairly extremist groups with shaky philosophical foundations who have come to long dominate their arena, but nevertheless still view themselves as persecuted minorities, a status which, when combined with the righteousness of their ideals, is sufficent reason to limit other, "counter-revolutionary", ideas and require adherence to little red books or articles from notable years by Great Helmsmen. Red Guards may direct their wrath to: Mark Lewellen Georgetown University -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-294. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-295. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 154 Subject: 5.295 Calls: Functionalism and formalism, TPhS Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 10:18:37 -0600 (CST) From: Edith A Moravcsik Subject: functionalism and formalism - call for papers 2) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 18:14:47 +0000 (GMT) From: "Max Wheeler" Subject: TPhS-call for papers -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Thu, 10 Mar 1994 10:18:37 -0600 (CST) From: Edith A Moravcsik Subject: functionalism and formalism - call for papers CALL FOR PAPERS Functionalism/Formalism 23rd Annual UWM Linguistics Symposium University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, April 6-8, 1995 Featured Speakers [pending funding]: Werner Abraham, Stephen Anderson, Joan Bybee, Alice Davison, John DuBois, Talmy Givsn, Kenneth Hale, Michael Hammond, Martin Haspelmath, Bruce Hayes, Howard Lasnik, Alec Marantz, Edith Moravcsik, Geoffrey Nathan, Michael Noonan, Frederick Newmeyer (co-organizer), Doris Payne, David Pesetsky, Janet Pierrehumbert We are seeking papers that: - speak to the relationship between linguistic functionalism and formalism; or - highlight the advantages or drawbacks of some functional or formal approach; or - provide analyses of the same data from multiple perspectives; or - explore the basic assumptions about language and cognition that underlie the two approaches; or - trace the history of one or both approaches; or - offer general discussions of the formalist- functionalist dichotomy and its implications; or - otherwise throw light on the similarities and differences between the two approaches and their assessment. Papers will be 20 minutes long, with a 10 minute discussion period to follow. Please send 8 copies of an anonymous abstract and a 3x5 card containing the title of the paper and your name, affiliation, and address. The abstract may be up to one typed page, with figures and references allowed on a second page. Since we need a camera-ready copy for reproduction in the meeting handbook if accepted, we prefer regular mail over email or fax. A selection of the conference papers, supplemented with some invited contributions, will be published by John Benjamins in a set of volumes edited by Michael Darnell, Edith Moravcsik, Frederick Newmeyer, and Michael Noonan. Send your abstract to: '95 UWM Symposium Committee Department of Linguistics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413 USA ABSTRACT DEADLINE: NOVEMBER 1, 1994 For further information: Email: Edith Moravcsik (edith@convex.csd.uwm.edu) or Michael Noonan (noonan@convex.csd.uwm.edu). Phone: Noonan at (414) 220-4539, Moravcsik at (414) 229-6794, or leave messages at (414) 229-4285. Fax: (414) 229-6258. Snailmail: write to Noonan or Moravcsik at the postal address above. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 18:14:47 +0000 (GMT) From: "Max Wheeler" Subject: TPhS-call for papers TRANSACTIONS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY Invitation to submit papers or to request samples The Philological Society is the oldest learned Society in Great Britain devoted to the scholarly study of language and languages, having been established in its present form in 1842. The Society's journal, Transactions of the Philological Society, is published twice a year in May and November. It publishes articles on all aspects of the study of language, maintaining a longstanding interest in historical and comparative linguistics and in the structure, development and varieties of Modern English. ISSN 0079-1636. Volume 91 (1993) contains the following papers: **************************************************************************** Jared S. Klein & Nancy L. Condon (University of Georgia, USA), `Gothic _-(u)h_: a synchronic and comparative study' John Ibrahim Saeed (Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland), `Adpositional clitics and word order in Somali' Charles Jones (University of Edinburgh, Scotland), `Scottish Standard English in the late eighteenth century' Patrick Sims-Williams (University of Wales, Aberystwyth), `Some problems in deciphering the early Irish ogam alphabet' Ronald Geluykens (University of Antwerp, Belgium), `Topic introduction in English conversation' Roger Hawkins (University of Essex, England), `The selective availability of Universal Grammar in second language acquisition: a specifier-head/head-complement developmental assymetry' ***************************************************************************** Anyone may submit a paper for publication. Papers are refereed in the usual way. Submissions, or requests for information, style sheet etc., should be addressed to the editor: Max W Wheeler School of Cognitive & Computing Sciences University of Sussex Falmer Brighton BN1 9QN UK e-mail: maxw@cogs.susx.ac.uk For sample copy requests and subscription information contact Blackwells Marketing Dept: e-mail: jnlsamples@cix.compulink.co.uk _____________________________________________________________________________ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-295. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-296. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 108 Subject: 5.296 Qs: Bilabial fricative, Spatial preps, Jesperson, Reflexives Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 17:52 PST From: Kathleen Doty Subject: Q: Bilabial fricative 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 09:19:10 +1000 From: Laurie.Bauer@vuw.ac.nz (Laurie Bauer) Subject: Spatial Prepositions 3) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 94 11:36:39 EST From: dennisp@AIC.NRL.Navy.Mil Subject: Jespersen and clefts 4) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 1994 17:40:02 EST5EDT From: "david c. gohre" Subject: Translation of Reflexives -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 1994 17:52 PST From: Kathleen Doty Subject: Q: Bilabial fricative One of my colleagues who is not on the List would like to know if there are any modern languages with a voiced bilabial fricative. He realizes there is an IPA symbol for the sound, but is looking for examples from existing languages. Please reply directly to me and I'll post a summary if it seems appropriate. Thanks in advance from both of us. --Kathleen Doty -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 09:19:10 +1000 From: Laurie.Bauer@vuw.ac.nz (Laurie Bauer) Subject: Spatial Prepositions What I take to be a typographical error in Joachim Grabowski's posting on spatial prepositions (namely _davant_ for current French _devant_) had me reaching for my _Petit Robert_. Yes, current _devant_ derives from _d'avant_. Now the localist hypothesis suggests that temporal location should be described in terms of spatial location. Here we seem to have a case where spatial location is described using the temporal words as a metaphor. Are there many such cases that people are aware of? I realise this is tangential to Joachim's query, but it strikes me as a point of interest. Or perhaps the localist hypothesis has developed in the last ten years or so? Laurie.BAUER@vuw.ac.nz Department of Linguistics, Victoria University, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand Ph: +64 4 472 1000 x 8800 Fax: +64 4 471 2070 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 94 11:36:39 EST From: dennisp@AIC.NRL.Navy.Mil Subject: Jespersen and clefts I am working on cleft sentences in English discourse and read in O. Jespersen that "The Irish make an excessive use of cleft sentences: Is it reading your [sic] are? | it is angry that he was | it's right weel you look | It's yourself should have been there...." Has anyone researched why this claim is so, if it is? While I'm interested in syntactic and semantic issues with clefts, is something historical going on here with Irish-English? If there is, it might prove interesting for syntax/semantics. I'll post a summary of replies. Dennis Perzanowski dennisp@aic.nrl.navy.mil -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4) Date: Mon, 14 Mar 1994 17:40:02 EST5EDT From: "david c. gohre" Subject: Translation of Reflexives Does there exist such a language that in the translation of the 'self' (as part of 'himself') the translation comes out as a body part, such as head, neck, etc... Thank you- -David Gohre -Dgohre@cw-f1.umd.umich.edu -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-296. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-297. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 198 Subject: 5.297 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 07:23:33 +0800 From: "Karen S. Chung" Subject: Re: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 94 18:39:52 +0000 From: Benjamin Macias Subject: Re: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics 3) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 07:57:37 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 07:23:33 +0800 From: "Karen S. Chung" Subject: Re: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics One comment in the 'mainstream linguistics' discussion has stuck with me and bothers me. That is that teaching 'mere' language somehow puts you on the sidelines. Linguistics is and will always be subordinate to language and individual languages. For me, the real meat (as a former vegetarian, I would have preferred a different metaphor, but somehow 'tofu' didn't fit) of the subject I like best is to be found in language and languages. And there's hardly a better way to dig in and discover the treasures a language has to offer than by teaching it to people with a different native tongue, who don't take those 'treasures' for granted and thus fail to recognize them. Teaching English to Chinese in Taiwan, for example, has taught me more about English intonation (and thus intonation in general) than I think I could have learned from books or theoretically-oriented research--though I do read those, too. Karen S. Chung Dept. of Foreign Languages and Literatures National Taiwan University karchung@ccms.ntu.edu.tw -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Tue, 15 Mar 94 18:39:52 +0000 From: Benjamin Macias Subject: Re: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics As a Mexican who's been both under the influence of the country's political system, as well as various syntactic theories, I'm amused to see a comparison between the PRI and mainstream Linguistics. Can I just point out that the Mexican system is, among other things, not democratic because most people in the country are not 'democratic' (as the term is normally understood in the US, for example)? In other words, most do not behave as if they believe that disputes can by settled by rational argumentation, or that what counts is _what_ is said, and not _who_ says it, or that one should think in terms of individuals responsible for their own positions, and not in terms of groups that vie for power. The question is then: are then linguists, specially syntacticians, democratic? Ben Macias U Cambridge Computer Lab bm@cl.cam.ac.uk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 07:57:37 -0500 From: an995@freenet.carleton.ca (Paul Deane) Subject: 5.294 Mainstream Linguistics The most recent postings on the subject "Mainstream Linguistics" illustrate precisely what is wrong with the way the debate is tending to go. On the one hand, postings like Mark Llewellyn's may help to relieve feelings of frustration but they do little to improve communication across the the theoretical divide.. On the other hand, Pesetsky's posting illustrates exactly why such complaints are so tempting to the "case-theoretically challenged" among us. What good does it do anybody to compare mainstream linguists to the PRI of Mexico or to the Communist Party of China? Such comparisons, no matter how apt they may seem to the one flinging them around, are simply: name calling. The Linguist List has, so far, been mercifully free of flaming. Please let's keep it that way. Pesetsky's response may be summarized as follows: 1. We have the right to prefer to hire people whose views we think are *correct* and *likely to lead in interesting directions*. 2. So stop complaining. A response of this nature misses what the complaints are really about. Of course, people are going to choose to hire people whose work they consider worthwhile. That's not the issue. To explain the issue, consider the following hierarchy of "research worthiness": I. People whose research is both "correct" and theoretically interesting. II. People whose research I believe to be on the wrong track, but which is dealing with critical issues and is likely to yield interesting results. III. People whose research I believe to be based on fundamentally flawed assumptions, but who are still doing valuable work which may prove to be correct (though I doubt it). IV. People whose research is based on assumptions so fundamentally in error that it cannot possibly yield any useful information or lead to worthwhile lines of research. V. People whose research is better characterized as "pseudoscience" or ideology than as valid scientific inquiry. All of us categorize other people's research along these lines. But we differ as about where we rank things. Obviously, we want our universities to have lots of people doing (i), a smaller proportion of people doing II, and enough people doing III to protect us against getting stuck in blind alleys if it turns out that our assumptions were mistaken. We mostly read work by (i) and (ii), and try to stay conversant with the most important people doing (iii). If we judge someone falls into categories IV and V, we don't read their work and we don't even consider hiring someone of their ilk at our university. Now, the complaint against the "mainstream" is not that it exercises such preferential treatment, but that it operates with an extremely cramped definition definition of what constitutes "worthwhile linguistic research". The hierarchy that seems to be in operation is: I. Whatever is current at MIT. II. Other versions of the G.B./P.P.A. approach. III. Other generative theories, such as HPSG. IV. Other formal linguistic theories outside the generative tradition. V. Functional and cognitive theories of language. That is, the complaint that is really being made is that the "mainstream" is writing off dissident work as intellectually valueless, to the point of not needing to be answered or refuted or included (via university hiring decisions) in the ongoing disciplinary discourse. To the extent that this is true (and I know perfectly well that it is not true of all mainstream linguists), it has a fundamentally perverse effect on the way people structure their research. I have had people tell me in effect "the interesting part of my paper is in the data. Don't worry about the analysis; I put it in there to make the paper palatable to the audience I was presenting it to." If one must present one's work within very narrow parameters even to win it a hearing, the field is taking on an ideological tinge which is not conducive to genuine scientific discourse. Of course, if the research I am doing is NO GOOD for reasons other than its failure to conform to the current theoretical "mainstream", so be it. But I don't like being ignored when I am making points directly relevant to critical issues in the field. Writing off the dissidents guarantees that facts unsupportive of the current orthodoxy just won't be noticed. Some examples: If language is a distinct module, or faculty, we would not expect to find any direct connection in the brain between language and other fundamental cognitive abilities. And yet, the posterior language areas (Wernicke's area and the adjacent parts of the inferior parietal lobe) seem to be fundamentally involved in the visual perception of part whole structure. (see a 1991 article by Robertson & Lamb in Cognitive Psychology) Since constituency is fundamental to language, and may plausibly be viewed as a type of part/whole structure, the coincidence hardly seems coincidental: but it's the sort of thing one would not notice if one started with modular assumptions. Similarly, a syndrome like Williams syndrome is often cited as a pure case of preserved language abilities in the face of general cognitive deficit. And yet I have found references which indicate that Williams syndrome children are better at some types of spatial cognition (those involving details of spatial structure) than at others (those involving overall shapes and patterns). Since linguistic competence, too, is a matter of perceiving detailed structure the coincidence may not be coincidental. These are neurolinguistic examples. The purely linguistic examples These are neurolinguistic examples. The purely linguistic examples are familiar enough (at least in kind) not to belabor here. But the main point is simple: writing off the dissidents is to eliminate a presence which will notice facts that may prove critical to the future development of the field. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-297. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-298. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 155 Subject: 5.298 Mainstream Linguistics Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 10:50:44 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.297 Mainstream Linguistics 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 09:46:36 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Re: 5.297 Mainstream Linguistics 3) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 08:54:45 EST From: Ian MacKay Subject: canadian discrimination -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 1994 10:50:44 -0600 (CST) From: CONNOLLY@memstvx1.memst.edu Subject: Re: 5.297 Mainstream Linguistics Since I have spent my entire academic career teaching much more German than linguistics, and almost all of it in a place lacking both a graduate and an undergraduate linguistics program, I have been at the fringe of linguistics the whole time -- at least, if one adopts the point of view of those fortunate enough to be in linguistics departments, or at least programs. And yet I have always primarily sought German jobs rather than linguistics ones. Why? I suppose because I agree with Karen Chung's comment that teaching language is more really linguistics because one is in direct contact with real language on a daily basis. Too much linguistic research since the Chomskyan revolution seems insipid because it is too far removed from the data. If I were a literatus (quod Deus avertat), I know I'd want to teach real live literature, *not* deconstructionism or any other literary/aesthetic theory. So when I teach linguistics, I like to deal with data from less familiar languages, where I find pre-Chomskyan structuralism much more useful as pedagogical device for getting students to appreciate the splendors of actual langauge. They love it. Am I antitheoretical? Far from it; I'm doing a large formal research project at the moment. But I'm using Case Grammar, or rather, trying to develop a better Case Grammar. And so I wholeheartedly concur with Paul Deane's rejoinder to Pesetsky's rebuff of complaints against the almost total dominance of GB or whatever it calls itself now in official linguistics departments. Try as I can to read and empathize with recent analyses of one phenomenon or another, I repeatedly have two responses: (1) positing yet another node, or another sort of XP (X = any upper-case letter not yet spoken for at a lower level), doesn't really explain anything, and certainly not why the rules of negation and/or inversion and/or subjectivization are different in this brand of Scandinavian than in that; and (2) the architects of such monstrosities are constructing a new set of trees that keep us from seeing the real flora and fauna that constitute the genuine forest. Yet who can tell this to a GB person? Only someone of another persuasion -- exactly whom GB people, for perfectly understandable reasons, do not want mucking up their departments, which are the only ones there are. No, this is not sour grapes. I'm a tenured full professor and treated not too badly by my mediocre institution. These days that's near paradise, and I know it and am grateful. But I care about linguistics. I even care about MIT, since my 16-year old son wants to go there (for engineering, not linguistics; smart kid). So I continue to work with real language, on the fringe of the civilized linguistic world (if that is not a contradiction in terms), trying to produce a better theory that will reveal rather than obscure, much as Chomsky's theories did before he got too fancy for his and our good. Maybe I'll bring it off, maybe not. If I do (and I think I already have), it may be that no one will notice. That's OK, as long as *someone* with differing views is (nearly) correct, is noticed, and is taken seriously. In the meantime I still have my real live language to deal with -- and that's what it's all about. Thanks, Karen. Life on the periphery ain't so bad after all, is it? --Leo Connolly -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 09:46:36 From: pesetsk@MIT.EDU (David Pesetsky) Subject: Re: 5.297 Mainstream Linguistics Paul Deane has written: >Pesetsky's response may be summarized as follows: > >1. We have the right to prefer to hire people whose views we think are > *correct* and *likely to lead in interesting directions*. > >2. So stop complaining. And so on. This response missed my point entirely. So much for attempts at humor. So in plain language: I merely wanted to bring back into the discussion the evidently quaint notion that there are ideas at stake in linguistics, which play a major role in hiring decisions -- not just venal careerism, as seems to be implied again and again in these postings. Maybe I'm just out of date, but I don't think so. -David Pesetsky -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 08:54:45 EST From: Ian MacKay Subject: canadian discrimination In response to David Pesetsky's plea for "productive" grousing, whatever that is, I would like American subscribers to answer this question honestly. What if: --well over one-third of ALL professors in all institutions across the entire United States were citizens of the same ONE foreign country (let us say Japan), AND --an ADDITIONAL one-third to one-half of ALL professors had some of their post-secondary training (usually the terminal degree) in that SAME foreign country, AND --in some disciplines [and I am NOT referring to Linguistics] OVER 90% of the academic staff in the entire United States in that discipline came from, and were trained in, that same ONE foreign country? Would Americans be sanguine and easy-going about such a situation? Judging by the hysteria that occurs when Americans perceive foreign domination in anything, I find it hard to imagine anything less than a revolution in such circumstances. Yet, if you substitute the word "Canada" for "United States" in the above "hypothetical" scenario, it becomes reality, not make-believe. In view of the present situation, Canadian government reaction is mild and even-handed. (Contrary to D. Pesetsky's contribution, this is federal law, not the action of universities; in reality individual hiring committees often work extremely hard to bypass the spirit of the law, weak-kneed as it is.) Lest this message be misinterpreted as anti-Americanism, which it is not, instead of a reality check, which it is, let me hasten to point out that2 of my 4 degrees are from an American institution (which treated me with enormous generosity when I was I student); while a Canadian I have the right of American citizenship; and I very proudly trace my forebears through a continous line of Americans to prerevolutionary days (including major involvement in the American Revolution itself). Ian MacKay -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-298. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-299. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 90 Subject: 5.299 Jobs: Temporary Job Offer, Lecturer Grade A Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 Mar 94 17:05:21 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Temporary Job Offer 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 16:41:27 GMT From: Yorick Wilks -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: 14 Mar 94 17:05:21 ES From: Inge DeBleecker/Voice Processing Corp Subject: Temporary Job Offer Voice Processing Corporation, a leading speech recognition company based in Cambridge, MA, USA, is looking for an individual to assist in a speech sample collection project in Spain. VPC is arranging an office in Madrid. Training and setup of computer system will be conducted by VPC. The main task of the person in charge is to have between 2,500 and 3,000 people call in to the system and go through the collection script. The person in charge preferably is a national of Spain, and needs to be somewhat familiar with computers. Not other special skills are required, but persistance and creativity might come in handy. The project should be finished in about one month, and should start in April. Apart from the compensation, all costs related to the project itself, plus expenses for the person in charge will be covered by VPC. This project might be followed by two similar projects. If you are interested, please contact Inge De Bleecker by e-mail at inge@vpro.com, or call (617) 494-0100. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 16:41:27 GMT From: Yorick Wilks THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD The Department of Computer Science wishes to recruit a Lecturer Grade A to a fixed 5 year appointment arising from the award of an SERC Advanced Research Fellowship to Dr.P Mc Kevitt, who lectures in natural language processing. The lectureship is to replace his teaching and will be tenable from 1/10/94 and applications are invited from anyone with research interests in the following areas: Cognitive Systems Computational Models of Hearing Speech Technology Natural Language Processing Computer Graphics Intelligent Tutoring Systems Computer Argumentation Connectionist Language Processing Formal Methods and Software Engineering Theory of Computer Science Software and systems engineering Communication Networks Neural Networks Parallel Systems Safety Critical Systems Parallel Databases CASE Tools for Parallel Systems Further details are available from the Department of Computer Science: jean@dcs.sheffield.ac.uk. Closing date for applications 1st April, 1994 to the Personnel Department, Western Bank, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-299. ________________________________________________________________ LINGUIST List: Vol-5-300. Wed 16 Mar 1994. ISSN: 1068-4875. Lines: 224 Subject: 5.300 Sum: Contrastive repetition Moderators: Anthony Rodrigues Aristar: Texas A&M U. Helen Dry: Eastern Michigan U. Asst. Editors: Ron Reck Brian Wallace -------------------------Directory------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 17:50:07 +0200 From: jlindstr@waltari.Helsinki.FI (Jan Krister Lindstrom) Subject: Summary on contrastive repetition -------------------------Messages-------------------------------------- 1) Date: Wed, 16 Mar 94 17:50:07 +0200 From: jlindstr@waltari.Helsinki.FI (Jan Krister Lindstrom) Subject: Summary on contrastive repetition I sent a query about a special kind of repetition used in Swedish via the List in the beginning of March. To my delight, I received about 40 replies from linguists from different fields and countries. I thank all the contributors most heartily and also you people who keep the List running; it's a real resource that should be appreciated! My original query went on about if repetition may be used in other languages in a corresponding *contrastive* way as in the Swedish example: -- Du har en ny blus. -- Ny och ny, jag koepte den i vaaras. Lit. -- You've got a new blouse. -- New and new, I bought it last spring. I think the function of the repetition may be described as being a way of emphasizing a contrast between an absolute and relative content of the item that is being picked up (most typically then in a dialogue, but I have seen it also in a monologous written text). Typically, the person who repeats reacts a bit negatively, or at least embarrassed, to the previous speaker's choice of words. The repetition might also be paraphrased like: -- 'New perhaps for you (because you have not seen my blouse before) but not new for me (since I bought it long ago). For the first speaker then the blouse is absolutely new, for the carrier of the blouse the newness is very relative to what she knows about the world. I can give a further example: -- Hur kunde du laemna en saa fin kvinna som Maria? -- Laemna och laemna, inte vet jag riktigt om jag blev utslaengd eller gick sjaelv. Lit. -- How could you leave so fine a woman as Mary? -- Leave and leave, I'm not really sure if I was thrown out or if I left myself. I.e. 'It was leaving perhaps for you but I'm not sure if you can call it leaving...' It seems that in practise any item -- noun, verb, adverb, pronoun -- may be picked up, reiterated and put in the coordinated frame *X och X* as an initial clause-fragment where the content of the item is being weighed. Now, to the replies to whether this construction exists in other languages than Swedish (or Finnish that seems to be influenced by Swedish at this point, due to a geo- and ethnographical contact): It is perhaps not surprising that the construction seems possible in the Scandinavian near relative languages Danish and Norwegian, but it is good to get a confirmation. In Danish & Norwegian one may repeat: -- Ny og ny, jeg koepte den sidste foraar. (Dan) -- Ny og ny, jeg kjoepte den i vaar. (Nor) It is also said "definetely" to exist in German, but I am short of examples. Polish also seems to have a near equivalent, although the expression is not construed with a coordinator but with the comparison particle *jak* ('as/like') -- Nowa jak nowa, kupilem ja w zeszlym roku. 'new as/like new, I-bought her in last year' Some other languages from which I was provided examples seem to operate with repetition in a somewhat similar manner as the above, but the form or the function of the expressions deviate a little from the Swedish type. Many contributors pointed out that Yiddish and Yiddish-influenced English uses reduplication in what seem to be rather similar contexts as my original example. The peculiarity of this pattern is that the repeat-item gets the phonic 'schm'-dress: -- New and schmew! I've had it for years. A couple of persons mentioned Mandarin Chinese, Taiwanese and possibly other Chinese dialects as a point of interest. In this case we seem to have a concessive construction which is in function a little different from the Swedish. In Swedish you disagree with the other one, or with a given content, in Chinese you seem to be compromising -- a case of Oriental politeness???) -- Dongxi hao shi hao, jiushi jiaqian tai gui. 'Thing good is good, it's-just-that price too expensive.' or 'That thing is pretty good all right...' But I have to get more familiar with the Chinese usage to be able to track the possible diffrence more precisely. Japanese seems to function in a corresponding way to the Mandarin: Omoshiroi koto wa omoshiroi n desu ga... 'It's that it is *interesting*, but... In Galician Portuguese, reiteration seems fairly similar to the Swedish iterative coordination: -- Nova nova nao e'. 'New new, it is not' In Spanish and French, repetition also has contrastive functions but the structures seem to be more elaborated: -- Por tener dinero, tiene dinero. (Spa) 'For tohave money, has money' -- Pour etre neuve, elle est neuve... (Fre) 'For tobe new, it is new... Most contributors also claim that English demands a bit more elaboration in contrastive function, e.g. -- There's new and new... Dutch is said to operate in a similar manner to English: -- Er zijn leraren en leraren 'there are teachers and teachers' Some persons noted that a simple repetition of an item with a stress on the first one is in contrastive use in (American) spoken English -- She's not really OLD old meaning 'she's not almost dead even though an elderly person' or something. This use I regard rather different from the Swedish type, at least what comes to the form and context of the expression. The emphatic iteration *presto presto* ('quickly quickly i.e. 'very quickly') typical in Italian and Sard is another kind of a phenomenon, since we do not have any contrast here. Repetition serves an emphatic, additive function in these kinds of instances. The summary seems to illustrate the potencies of repetition in contrastive functions. In this general perspective, the phenomenon may bear some universality. As regards the form and more specific pragmatic functions of the expressions, these are, naturally, more language dependent. The most equivalent languages to the Swedish construction type are the Scandinavian sister-languages Danish and Norwegian and presumably German. Finnish operates in the same way: -- Uusi ja uusi, ostin sen jo kauan sitten. 'new and new, I bought it already long ago' Polish, I think, has a close formal and functional similarity. This may be exciting because all these languages are spoken around the Baltic sea that could be of some area-linguistic interest. Perhaps. About this 'linguistic area' there is a paper by Raukko & Ostman (1994). I consider all the other examples cited here relevant and absolutely essential to be commented when analysing the contrastive functions of repetition in Swedish in particular or in language in general. Some of you were interested in the intonation in the Swedish/Finnish contrastive repetition. I have not actually measured it in any way, but by intuition I would say that the intonation works identically in Swedish and Finnish: there is a slight stress on the second item. But I think there is also a very peculiar melody when people are uttering something like *ny och ny*. It might be characterized as a way of lengthening the vowels and the tone being somewhat discontented, not positively emphatic anyway. The expression may well be accompanied with a slight shake of the head or the rocking of the hand the palm down, as if weighing between two things. I will discuss these things in a chapter in my doctoral thesis on iterative coordination in Swedish in general and I am very likely going to write a shorter paper on the contrastive type of repetition in the near future. If you have further comments on the topic, feel free to e-mail me. All the best, Jan Lindstrom Dept. of Scandinavian languages PB 4 00014 University of Helsinki Finland My thanks go to the following persons: Hanne Erdman Thomsen (on Danish) Oesten Dahl (on Yiddish) Brian White (on English) Janne Johannessen (on Norwegian) Larry Horn (on reduplication in English) John Goldsmith (on Spanish and French) Norbert Strade (on Danish) Gregory Ward (on contact information) Aaron Broadwell (on Yiddish) Jussi Karlgren (on Yiddish and Chinese) Ellen F. Prince (on Yiddish) Meg Withgott (on reduplication in English, intonation) Piotr Banski (on Polish) Grace Fielder (on reduplication in English) David N. Wigtil (on English) Hartmut Haberland (on German, Danish, Japanese) Karen Steffen Chung (on Mandarin, Taiwanese) Eric Bakovic (on reduplication in English) Celso Alvarez-Caccamo (on Portuguese) Kurt Queller (on Mandarin) PC Jorgensen (on Norwegian) J.A. Rea (on Italian and Sard) Norio Ota (on Japanese) Jane Edwards (on English & intonation) Frits Stuurman (on Dutch) Olaf Husby (on Norwegian) John Cowan (on Yiddish) Linda Coleman (on English) Eleanor Olds Batchelder (on Yiddish) Connor Ferris (on English) Raphael Salkie (on Yiddish) Mary Ellen Ryder (on reduplication in English) Kersti Borjars (on English, Dutch) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- LINGUIST List: Vol-5-300.